摘要
微生物抗生素耐药性的传播已严重威胁到全球公众健康。非抗生素应激源在很大程度上促进了细菌抗生素耐药性的演变。尽管已经对农药污染对细菌抗生素耐药性的潜在风险进行了大量研究，但仍缺乏对这些问题的系统综述。在本研究中，我们详细阐述了农药对细菌抗生素耐药性获得以及耐药性传播影响的机制。农药胁迫通过各种机制增强了细菌对抗生素耐药性的获取，包括外排泵的激活、对抗生素耐药性外膜孔的抑制以及基因突变诱导。水平基因转移是农药影响细菌中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）传播的主要机制。农药通过增加细胞膜通透性和增加细菌可移动基因元件的比例来促进ARGs的结合转移，从而促进ARGs。这篇综述可以提高我们对农药诱导的ARGs和抗生素耐药性细菌的产生和传播的理解。此外，它可以在未来用于降低ARGs的生态风险。
Abstract
The spread of microbial antibiotic resistance has seriously threatened public health globally. Non-antibiotic stressors have significantly contributed to the evolution of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the potential risk of pesticide pollution for bacterial antibiotic resistance, a systematic review of these concerns is still lacking. In the present study, we elaborate the mechanism underlying the effects of pesticides on bacterial antibiotic resistance acquisition as well as the propagation of antimicrobial resistance. Pesticide stress enhanced the acquisition of antibiotic resistance in bacteria via various mechanisms, including the activation of efflux pumps, inhibition of outer membrane pores for resistance to antibiotics, and gene mutation induction. Horizontal gene transfer is a major mechanism whereby pesticides influence the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria. Pesticides promoted the conjugation transfer of ARGs by increasing cell membrane permeability and increased the proportion of bacterial mobile gene elements, which facilitate the spread of ARGs. This review can improve our understanding regarding the pesticide-induced generation and spread of ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria. Moreover, it can be applied to reduce the ecological risks of ARGs in the future.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722051567