摘要
      本研究揭示了四环素、磺胺甲恶唑（SMZ）和红霉素（ERY）对食物垃圾和污泥厌氧共消化过程中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）传播的影响及其调控机制。结果表明，抗生素显著增加了ARGs的丰度，并选择性富集了整合素基因，表明抗生素促进了ARG的传播。Procrustes分析表明，细菌群落、整合子和理化性质与ARGs呈显著相关性，它们分别对ARGs变异的解释贡献了10.61%、6.94%和2.97%。特别是细菌群落和整合子的最大组合贡献（48.6%），这表明它们对ARGs的改变具有重要意义。元转录组分析进一步表明，抗生素上调了总ARGs和毒力因子的表达，增加了潜在的风险。所提出的抗生素促进ARGs传播的机制可能归因于ARGs调节的功能在AcoD过程中诱导DNA/细胞损伤和DNA结合的变化。
Abstract
This study revealed the effects and regulation mechanisms on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) dissemination during anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of food waste and sludge under the exposure of tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and erythromycin (ERY). Results indicated antibiotics significantly increased the abundance of ARGs, and selectively enriched integron gene, suggesting antibiotics promoted the dissemination of ARGs. Procrustes analysis indicated that bacterial community, integrons and physicochemical properties displayed significant correlations with ARGs, and they respectively contributed 10.61%, 6.94% and 2.97% of explanations on ARGs variation. Especially, the maximum combined contribution (48.6%) of bacterial community and integrons, implying their significances on ARGs alteration. Metatranscriptomic analysis further demonstrated antibiotics upregulated the expressions of total ARGs and virulence factors, raising potential risks. The proposed mechanisms for ARGs dissemination facilitated by antibiotics might be attributed to the changes of ARGs-regulated functions for inducing DNA/cell damage and DNA conjugation during AcoD.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960852421015996