摘要
      中国南方大多数大型养猪场都广泛使用先进的污水处理厂。然而，抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的命运及其在废水深度处理过程中与细菌和古菌群落的关系仍不清楚。在本研究中，使用宏基因组分析对典型先进废水处理厂的ARGs进行了调查。结果显示，在未经处理的废水中检测到279-326种不同亚型的ARGs，每个细菌细胞的总丰度为5.98±0.48个拷贝。在污水深度处理过程中，ARGs的丰度和数量显著减少。微生物群落（细菌和古菌）对ARG丰度和组成（PCA axis_1）的变化贡献最大，分别占10.8%和15.7%，其次是移动遗传元素（MGE）和物理化学因素。应特别注意潜在的致病菌，如大肠杆菌、链球菌、肠球菌和葡萄球菌，以及古菌，如甲烷胞菌、嗜甲烷念珠菌和嗜甲烷念珠菌，它们是重要的潜在ARG宿主。细菌群落可能通过影响古菌群落间接影响ARG变异。这些发现表明，在深度处理过程中，养猪场废水中的ARG水平可以有效降低，并突出了古菌发挥的重要作用，这一点不容忽视。
Abstract
Advanced wastewater treatment plants are widely used in most large-scale pig farms in southern China. However, the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their association with bacterial and archaeal communities during advanced wastewater treatment remain unclear. In this study, the profiles of ARGs in typical advanced wastewater treatment plants were surveyed using metagenomic analysis. The results showed that 279– 326 different subtypes of ARGs were detected in raw wastewater, with a total abundance of 5.98 ± 0.48 copies per bacterial cell. During the advanced wastewater treatment, the abundance and number of ARGs were significantly reduced. Microbial communities (bacteria and archaea) contributed the most to the variation in ARG abundance and composition (PCA axis_1), accounting for 10.8 % and 15.7 %, respectively, followed by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and physicochemical factors. Special attention should be given to potential pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia, Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus and archaea such as Methanocorpusculum, Candidatus Methanoplasma and Candidatus Methanomethylophilus, which were important potential ARG hosts. Bacterial communities may indirectly affect ARG variation by affecting archaeal communities. These findings indicated that ARG levels in pig farm wastewater can be effectively reduced during advanced treatment and highlighted the important role played by archaea, which should not be ignored.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722054638