摘要
      抗微生物病原体的传播是一个全球性的健康问题。大多数研究报告了水生环境中高水平的抗微生物耐药性基因（ARGs）；然而，与沉积物相关的水平是有限的。本研究旨在调查埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴Akaki河沉积物和水中ARGs的分布。从Akaki河五个地点收集的沉积物和水中评估了84种ARGs和116种临床重要细菌的多样性和丰度。大多数ARG是在靠近人类活动的城市中发现的。在河流中部集水区采集的水样含有71-75%的靶向ARG，在所有采样点检测到编码氨基糖苷乙酰转移酶（aac（6）-Ib-cr）、氨基糖苷腺苷酸转移酶（aadA1）、β-内酰胺酶（blaOXA-10）、喹诺酮类耐药性S（qnrS）、大环内酯流出蛋白A（mefA）和四环素耐药性（tetA）的基因。在所有沉积物中检测到的ARG要少得多，医院附近的沉积物具有最高的多样性和水平。尽管水平和多样性较低，但在沉积物中没有检测到在水中也没有检测到的独特ARG。Akaki河也检测到了广泛的临床相关病原体。研究结果表明，Akaki河的水相而不是沉积物是ARGs和抗生素耐药性细菌传播的潜在渠道。
Abstract
The spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens is a global health concern. Most studies report high levels of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the aquatic environment; however, levels associated with sediments are limited. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of ARGs in the sediments and water of the Akaki river in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The diversity and abundance of 84 ARGs and 116 clinically important bacteria were evaluated from the sediments and water collected from five sites in the Akaki river. Most of the ARGs were found in the city close to anthropogenic activities. Water samples collected in the middle catchment of the river contained 71–75% of targeted ARGs, with genes encoding aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (aac(6)-Ib-cr), aminoglycoside adenylyl transferase (aadA1), β-lactamase (blaOXA-10), quinolone resistance S (qnrS), macrolide efflux protein A (mefA), and tetracycline resistance (tetA), were detected at all sampling sites. Much fewer ARGs were detected in all sediments, and those near the hospitals had the highest diversity and level. Despite the lower levels and diversity, there were no unique ARGs detected in the sediments that were also not detected in the waters. A wide range of clinically relevant pathogens were also detected in the Akaki river. The findings suggest that the water phase, rather than the sediments in the Akaki river, is a potential conduit for the spread of ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-022-20684-2