摘要
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细胞外囊泡（EVs）是近年来公认的携带和传播抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的重要载体。然而，电动汽车在周围环境中携带的ARG及其转移潜力仍不清楚。在这项研究中，在餐馆、幼儿园、宿舍和车辆的室内灰尘中，研究了电动汽车中ARGs和移动遗传元素（MGE）的流行情况及其微生物来源。电动汽车的数量范围为3.40×107至1.09×1011个颗粒/克灰尘。EV相关DNA片段的长度在21bp到9.7kb之间。宏基因组测序显示，在所有四个领域的EV中共检测到241种抗生素ARG亚型，编码对16种常见类别的耐药性。多药、喹诺酮类和大环内酯类耐药基因是主要类型。与室内微生物组相比，15种ARG亚型仅在电动汽车中携带，甚至富集。此外，一些ARG与MGE同时出现。EVs与其原始的灰尘微生物群显示出不同的分类组成。30.23%的EV相关DNA预测来源于潜在的病原体。我们的研究结果表明，携带ARGs和毒力基因的EVs在日常生活的室内灰尘中广泛存在，为细胞外DNA的状态提供了新的见解，并引发了对其基因转移潜力的风险担忧。
Abstract
Abstract Image
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are newly recognized as important vectors for carrying and spreading antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the ARGs harbored by EVs in ambient environments and the transfer potential are still unclear. In this study, the prevalence of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in EVs and their microbial origins were studied in indoor dust from restaurants, kindergarten, dormitories, and vehicles. The amount of EVs ranged from 3.40 × 107 to 1.09 × 1011 particles/g dust. The length of EV-associated DNA fragments was between 21 bp and 9.7 kb. Metagenomic sequencing showed that a total of 241 antibiotic ARG subtypes encoding resistance to 16 common classes were detected in the EVs from all four fields. Multidrug, quinolone, and macrolide resistance genes were the dominant types. 15 ARG subtypes were exclusively carried and even enriched in EVs compared to the indoor microbiome. Moreover, several ARGs showed co-occurrence with MGEs. The EVs showed distinct taxonomic composition with their original dust microbiota. 30.23% of EV-associated DNA was predicted to originate from potential pathogens. Our results indicated the widespread of EVs carrying ARGs and virulence genes in daily life indoor dust, provided new insights into the status of extracellular DNA, and raised risk concerns on their gene transfer potential.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.1c08654