摘要
      地表水环境是抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的重要储存库。研究抗生素和ARGs在地表水环境中的发生和分布具有重要意义。本研究以中国辽河流域为研究区域，采用HPLC-MS/MS和HT-qPCR对水中抗生素和ARGs的浓度进行了研究。结果表明，水中共检测到6种类型的53种抗生素，污染水平为ND~331.64 ng/L，其中PCG最高。在水中共检测到164个ARGs和10个可移动遗传元件，其绝对丰度分别为2.18×104~3.95×107拷贝/L和1.82×105~3.78×107拷贝/L。ARG以多药型和氨基糖苷类为主。阿莫西林、红霉素、脱水红霉素和氧氟沙星对敏感水生生物构成一定的生态风险。在空间分布上，大辽河水系抗生素和ARGs的污染高于辽河水系。抗生素总浓度与ARGs总相对丰度呈正相关（r=0.66，p<0.05）。多种抗生素的共存促进了ARGs的污染和传播。此外，MGE和ARGs的总相对丰度呈显著正相关（r=0.946，p<0.01），MGE在水中ARGs发生和演化中发挥着重要作用。
Abstract
Surface water environment is an important repository of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). It is of great significance to study the occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and ARGs in surface water environment. In this study, the Liaohe River Basin, China was taken as the study area, and the concentrations of antibiotics and ARGs in water were investigated by HPLC-MS/MS and HT-qPCR. The results showed that a total of 53 antibiotics of 6 types were detected in water, and the pollution level was at ND~331.64 ng/L, where PCG was the highest. Totally 164 ARGs and 10 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected in the water, and the absolute abundances were at 2.18 × 104~3.95 × 107 copies/L and 1.82 × 105–3.78 × 107 copies/L, respectively. The multidrug and aminoglycoside were the dominant ARG types. Amoxicillin, erythromycin, anhydroerythromycin and ofloxacin posed certain ecological risks for sensitive aquatic organisms. In spatial distribution, the pollution of antibiotics and ARGs in the Daliao River system was higher than that in the Liaohe River system. There was a significant positive correlation between total concentrations of antibiotics and total relative abundance of ARGs (r = 0.66, p < 0.05). The co-occurrence of multiple antibiotics promoted the pollution and spread of ARGs. In addition, the total relative abundance of MGEs and ARGs showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.946, p < 0.01), and MGEs played an important role in the occurrence and evolution of ARGs in water.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213343722011708