摘要
      抗生素耐药性是生态系统健康和公共医疗保健面临的一个日益严重的问题。因此，抗生素耐药性从人类和动物来源传播到自然环境需要仔细调查。在本研究中，在16个样本点（中国新乡）调查了9个抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）、3个可移动遗传元件（MGE）及其与抗生素、重金属和微生物群的关系。氟喹诺酮类药物（0.13–14.22μg/L）在医院污水中含量最高，土霉素类药物（251.86–5817.47μg/kg）在动物粪便中含量最高。动物粪便中锌（80.79–2597.14 mg/kg）和铜（32.47–85.22 mg/kg）含量最高，可能影响intI1和aac（6′）-Ib基因的流行。氨基糖苷类和磺酰胺类抗性基因（aac（6'）-Ib、aadA和sul1）是该地区的主要ARGs。此外，除sul1基因外，动物粪便中检测到的ARGs和MGE高于医院污水。另一方面，MWWTP中抗生素（29.76–100%）、重金属（31.25–100%）和ARGs（1–3个数量级）的不完全去除导致这些污染物在接收河流中积累。网络分析表明，ARG的潜在宿主（Jeotgalibaca、Atopostipes、Corynebacterium_1等）在动物粪便中比在医院污水中更占主导地位，这表明与医院来源相比，动物粪便中的ARG转移潜力更高。这些结果为抗生素、重金属、ARGs和微生物群通过MWWTP排放和施肥从人类和动物来源到其接收环境的不同迁移和传播途径提供了有用的见解。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem for ecosystem health and public healthcare. Hence, the transmission of antibiotic resistance from human and animal origins to natural environments requires careful investigation. In this study, nine antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), three mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and their relations with antibiotics, heavy metals, and microbiota were investigated in 16 sample sites (Xinxiang, China). Fluoroquinolones (0.13–14.22 μg/L) were most abundant in hospital effluent and oxytetracycline (251.86–5817.47 μg/kg) in animal manure. Animal manure showed the highest levels of zinc (80.79–2597.14 mg/kg) and copper (32.47–85.22 mg/kg), possibly affecting the prevalence of intI1 and aac(6′)-Ib genes. Aminoglycoside and sulfonamide resistance genes (aac(6’)-Ib, aadA, and sul1) were the main ARGs in this area. In addition, the detected ARGs and MGEs were higher in animal manure than in hospital effluent, except for the sul1 gene. On the other hand, the incomplete removal of antibiotics (29.76–100%), heavy metals (31.25–100%), and ARGs (1–3 orders of magnitude) in MWWTPs resulted in the accumulation of these contaminants in the receiving river. Network analysis suggested that the potential hosts (Jeotgalibaca, Atopostipes, Corynebacterium_1, etc.) of ARGs were more predominant in animal manure rather than hospital effluent, indicating a higher ARG transfer potential in animal manure compared with hospital sources. These results provide useful insights into the different migration and dissemination routes of antibiotics, heavy metals, ARGs, and microbiota from anthropogenic and animal origins to their receiving environments via MWWTP discharge and manure fertilization.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749121020947