摘要
      鱼类相关抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）因其通过食物链转移对食品安全和人类健康的潜在有害影响而备受关注。然而，影响这些ARG的潜在因素尚未得到充分探讨。在这项研究中，在杂交石斑鱼（Epinephlus fuscoguttatus）形成的四种不同的海水养殖系统中，对鱼类肠道、粘膜皮肤和鳃丝中的ARGs和细菌群落进行了综合评估♀ ×E.lanceolatus♂), 龙须菜和凡纳滨对虾使用不同的组合。结果显示，在肠道和粘膜皮肤中检测到9个ARG，在鳃丝中检测到6个ARG。aphA1的检出率最高，每个16S rRNA基因的丰度为1.91×10−3-6.30×10−2拷贝。在所有样本中检测到转座子酶基因（tnpA-04），每个16S rRNA基因的丰度为3.57×10−3-3.59×10−2个拷贝，并与多种ARGs（如aphA1、tet（34）、mphA-02）强相关。变形菌门、热球菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是四个海水养殖系统中的优势门，占总细菌群落的65.1%-96.2%。值得注意的是，在单一培养系统中，杂交石斑鱼肠道中，一种潜在的人类病原体狭窄单胞菌的高相对丰度提高了20.5%。此外，变异划分分析（VPA）表明，海水养殖系统之间细菌群落的差异是杂交石斑鱼ARGs分布差异的主要驱动因素。这项研究为不同海水养殖系统中与鱼类相关的ARGs污染的特征提供了新的全面理解，并有助于评估ARGs和病原体分类群对人类健康的潜在风险。
Abstract
Fish-related antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have attracted attention for their potentially harmful effects on food safety and human health through the food chain transfer. However, the potential factors affecting these ARGs have not been fully explored. In this study, ARGs and bacterial communities in the fish gut, mucosal skin, and gill filaments in fish were comprehensively evaluated in four different mariculture systems formed by hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂), Gracilaria bailinae, and Litopenaeus vannamei using different combinations. The results showed that 9 ARGs were detected in the gut and mucosal skin and 6 ARGs in the gill filaments. The detection rate of aphA1 was the highest, and the abundance was 1.91 × 10−3 - 6.30 × 10−2 copies per 16 S rRNA gene. Transposase gene (tnpA-04) was detected in all samples with the abundance of 3.57 × 10−3 - 3.59 × 10−2 copies per 16 S rRNA gene, and was strongly correlated with multiple ARGs (e.g., aphA1, tet(34), mphA-02). Proteobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the four mariculture systems, accounting for 65.1%–96.2% of the total bacterial community. Notably, the high relative abundance of Stenotrophomonas, a potential human pathogen, was elevated by 20.5% in the hybrid grouper gut in the monoculture system. In addition, variation partitioning analysis (VPA) showed that the difference in bacterial communities between mariculture systems was the main driving factor of ARGs distribution differences in hybrid groupers. This study provides a new comprehensive understanding of the characterization of fish-related ARGs contamination in different mariculture systems and facilitates the assessment of potential risks of ARGs and pathogen taxa to human health.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749122011484