摘要
      人类肠道是抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）的宝库。即使在没有抗生素的情况下，成人、儿童甚至新生儿的粪便中也会大量存在ARGs。然而，在何时何地获取ARG仍不清楚，获取的ARG类型也不清楚。在此，我们招募了82对妇女及其剖腹产新生儿。采用常规培养方法和定量聚合酶链式反应检测胎粪、3天大新生儿粪便、羊水、初乳和医院病房空气样本中的9种和6种ARG类型。此外，通过使用多基因座序列分型（MLST）追踪从3天大新生儿粪便、初乳和病房空气样本中分离的表皮葡萄球菌，探索ARG转移。在羊水或羊水中未检测到ARGs或微生物。90.2%的3日龄新生儿粪便中检测到一种或多种ARGs，mecA基因的检测率最高（45.1%）。85.4%的初乳中检测到ARGs与3日龄婴儿粪便中的ARGs一致。病房空气中检测到一些ARGs，也可能是新生儿粪便中ARGs的来源。从新生儿粪便中分离表皮葡萄球菌与抗生素耐药性和初乳样本的基因图谱一致。表皮葡萄球菌的可追溯性分析表明，新生儿粪便中的ARGs主要来源于初乳，部分来源于病房空气。剖腹产新生儿出生后，主要从初乳中获得各种ARG，部分从病房空气中获得。
Abstract
The human gut is a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Even in the absence of antibiotics, ARGs are present in large quantities in faeces of adults, children and even newborns. However, where and when ARGs are acquired remains unclear, as does the types of ARGs acquired. Herein, we recruited 82 pairs of women and their caesarean section newborns. Conventional culture methods and quantitative PCR were employed to detect nine species and six ARG types in meconia, faeces from 3-day-old newborns, amniotic fluid, colostrum, and hospital ward air samples. Furthermore, ARG transfer was explored by tracking Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from faeces of 3-day-old newborns, colostrum and ward air samples using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). No ARGs or microorganisms were detected in meconia or amniotic fluid. One or more ARGs were detected in 90.2% of faeces from 3-day-old newborns, and the mecA gene exhibited the highest detection rate (45.1%). ARGs were detected in 85.4% of colostra consistent with ARGs in faeces from 3-day-old newborns. Some ARGs were detected in ward air, and might also be a source of ARGs in neonatal faeces. Isolation of S. epidermidis from neonatal faeces was consistent with antibiotic resistance and gene profiles for colostrum samples. Traceability analysis of S. epidermidis showed that ARGs in neonatal faeces mainly originated from colostrum, and partly from ward air. After birth, neonates born by caesarean section obtain a variety of ARGs mainly from colostrum, and partly from ward air.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-022-02447-8