摘要
      有机肥料的田间施用可能会促进抗生素抗性基因在农田生态系统中的传播，这对公众健康构成了重大威胁。然而，多年有机施肥对土壤和叶层ARGs传播的影响以及可能的传播途径仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们使用高通量定量PCR和扩增子测序研究了长期施肥猪粪或污水污泥条件下，土壤和小麦作物叶层中ARGs的模式以及细菌和真菌群落的结构。研究发现，猪粪和污水污泥的施用对叶层ARGs的流行影响大于对土壤的影响。SourceTracker分析显示，猪粪和污水污泥中的一些细菌类群可以在土壤中存活，但很难在叶层中存活。Mantel检验和变异划分分析进一步表明，微生物群落组成的变化是影响土壤ARGs的一个重要因素，而由移动遗传元件介导的水平基因转移可能有助于叶层ARGs传播。总的来说，这些结果表明，长期施用猪粪和污水污泥会对土壤和叶层中的ARGs产生不同的影响，这对可持续农业管理具有影响。
Abstract
Field application of organic fertilizers may promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in farmland ecosystems, which represents a major threat to public health. However, impacts of multi-year organic fertilization on the spread of soil and phyllosphere ARGs and the possible transmission pathways remain elusive. Here, we investigated the patterns of ARGs and structures of bacterial and fungal communities in soil and wheat crop phyllosphere, under long-term fertilization of swine manure or sewage sludge using high-throughput quantitative PCR and amplicon sequencing. It was found that application of swine manure and sewage sludge had more influence on the prevalence of ARGs in phyllosphere than in soil. SourceTracker analysis revealed that a few bacterial taxa from swine manure and sewage sludge could survive in soil, but hardly in phyllosphere. Mantel test and variation partitioning analysis further revealed that shift in the microbial community compositions was an important factor affecting soil ARGs, while horizontal gene transfer mediated by mobile genetic elements might contribute to the spread of phyllosphere ARGs. Overall, these results demonstrated that long-term application of swine manure and sewage sludge differently impacts the ARGs in soil and phyllosphere, which have implications for sustainable agricultural management.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016706122000052