摘要
      抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）在自然界中无处不在，尤其是在当前抗生素滥用的时代，它们的存在是全球关注的问题。在本研究中，我们发现南极磷虾相关的可培养细菌基于抗生素外排机制对β-内酰胺、四环素类、氨基糖苷类和磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶具有耐药性。此外，具有插入序列（IS）（tnpA，IS91）和Intl1的ARG在分离株上的共现以及全基因组的系统发育分析结果揭示了低频ARG转移事件，暗示了这些ARG的可转移性。这些发现为广泛评估南极微生物群在ARGs传播中的作用提供了早期预警。我们的工作为理解可培养宿主相关微生物中的ARGs及其生态风险提供了新的见解，并对未来极端环境中抗生素耐药性的风险评估具有重要意义。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are ubiquitous in nature, especially in the current era of antibiotic abuse, and their existence is a global concern. In the present study, we discovered that Antarctic krill-related culturable bacteria are resistant to β-lactam, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim based on the antibiotic efflux mechanism. In addition, the co-occurrence of ARGs with insertion sequence (IS) (tnpA, IS91) and Intl1 on the isolates and the phylogenetic analysis results of the whole-genome revealed low-frequency ARG transfer events, implying the transferability of these ARGs. These findings provide an early warning for the wide assessment of Antarctic microbiota in the spread of ARGs. Our work provides novel insights into understanding ARGs in culturable host-associated microorganisms, and their ecological risks and has important implications for future risk assessments of antibiotic resistance in extreme environments.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651322001294