摘要
      抗生素耐药性在全球范围内对人类健康构成威胁。近年来，人们对AR的传播、传播和进化进行了深入的研究。随着抗生素耐药性的发展，几乎在所有环境系统和基质中都检测到了抗生素耐药性细菌（ARB）和抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）。在此，我们试图总结ARB/ARGs在进入水环境时是如何持续存在的，并进一步参与地球化学过程，特别是在天然矿物与光照射的界面。在这个过程中，细菌有不同形式的转化，并进入应激或非应激状态。它们的存在形式多种多样，包括失活、短暂耐受和持久表型，这使得AR问题变得顽固和复杂。此外，在裸露的ARG扩散到水中后，ARB和ARG的分离进一步加剧了AR问题的复杂性，这充当了ARG的蓄水池，并为它们在细菌之间的转移奠定了基础。此外，获得ARGs介导的质粒甚至会给细菌带来一些优势或劣势，使问题变得更加复杂和不可控。为了控制AR，了解ARB/ARGs如何参与环境地球化学转化的机制以及AR持续存在的条件至关重要。了解AR持续性的重要性不仅是正确评估其风险的关键，也是严重防止AR持续发展的关键。
Abstract
The antibiotic resistance (AR) is a threatening risk for human health at a global scale. The propagation, dissemination and evolution of AR have been well-studied these years. With development of AR, the antibiotic-resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) have been detected in almost all environmental systems and matrices. Herein, we attempted to summarize how ARB/ARGs become persist when they enter water environments and further be involved in geochemical processes especially at the interface of natural mineral with light irradiation. During the processes, bacteria have different form of transformation and come into stressed or non-stressed states. Their existed forms will be varied including being inactivated, transient tolerance and persistence phenotypes, which make AR problem become stubborn and complicated. Besides, separation of ARB and ARGs further intensified complexity of AR problem after naked ARGs diffusing into water, which acted as reservoir of ARGs and set stage for their transfer between bacteria. Furthermore, acquisition of ARGs mediated plasmid could even bring some advantages or disadvantage to bacteria, making problem more complex and uncontrollable. To enable AR under control, it is critical to understand the mechanism how ARB/ARGs participate in environmental geochemical transformation and in what condition that AR persistence happen. Understanding ponderance of AR persistence is not only key to properly assess its risk, but also to seriously prevent the continued development of AR.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10643389.2021.1877062