摘要
      本研究调查了处理效率与城市污水处理厂（UWTP）对抗生素耐药性传播的影响之间的平衡。在四次活动中对四个全尺寸UWTP（PT1-PT4）和接收河流进行了采样。在不同的处理阶段和医院污水中监测16S rRNA基因、两种可移动遗传元件（MGE）、八种抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和可培养细菌。在四种UWTP的流入中，细菌和抗生素耐药性负荷没有显著差异（p>0.05）。生物处理促进ARGs降低值高达2.5 log单位/mL，而紫外线（PT1，PT2）或砂滤/臭氧氧化（PT3）导致去除值<0.6 log单位/mL。PT3的最终出水具有最高的去除率和显著较低的ARGs丰度，与接收水体没有显著差异。在河流中偶尔检测到新出现的ARG（如blaVIM、blaOXA-48和blaKPC），尽管在下游更为频繁。医院污水可能会导致河流中出现一些但不是所有的ARG。一个主要结论是，UWTP对河流的影响不仅取决于处理效率和最终出水质量，还取决于河流的背景污染和/或稀释率。
Abstract
This study investigated the balance between treatment efficiency and impact caused by urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs) on the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Four full-scale UWTPs (PT1-PT4) and the receiving river were sampled over four campaigns. The 16 S rRNA gene, two mobile genetic elements (MGEs), eight antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and culturable bacteria were monitored over different treatment stages and in hospital effluent. The bacterial and antibiotic resistance load was not significantly different in the inflow of the four UWTPs (p > 0.01). Biological treatment promoted ARGs reduction values up to 2.5 log-units/mL, while UV (PT1, PT2) or sand filtration/ozonation (PT3) led to removal values < 0.6 log-units/mL. The final effluent of PT3, with the highest removal rates and significantly lower ARGs abundance, was not significantly different from the receiving water body. Emerging ARGs (e.g., blaVIM, blaOXA-48, and blaKPC) were sporadically detected in the river, although more frequent downstream. Hospital effluent might contribute for the occurrence of some, but not all these ARGs in the river. A major conclusion was that the impact of the UWTPs on the river was not only determined by treatment efficiency and final effluent quality, but also by the background contamination of the river and/or dilution rate.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389422007221