摘要
      研究了两种生物炭（BC和BP）在粪肥厌氧消化（AD）过程中细胞内（iARGs）和细胞外（eARGs）的分布。通过解读生物炭与细菌应激反应、生理代谢和抗生素耐药性的相互作用，探讨了生物炭对ARGs结合转移的影响。结果表明，AD处理可以有效去除所有检测到的eARGs，效率为47.4–98.2%。具有较大比表面积（SSA）的修饰生物炭（BP）有利于降低细胞外抗性基因的绝对拷贝数。AD过程可以通过抑制宿主细菌的生长来有效地去除iARGs。结构方程模型（SEM）的结果表明，生物炭对ARGs的命运有间接影响（λ=-0.23，P>0.05），DNA损伤诱导反应（SOS）反应和能量产生过程表明，生物炭诱导了微生物的氧化应激反应，增强了细菌的抗氧化能力。抗氧化能力的提高对SOS反应产生了负面影响，加剧了细胞膜损伤，并进一步削弱了能量产生过程，导致ARGs的水平转移受到抑制。
Abstract
Distribution of intracellular (iARGs) and extracellular ARGs (eARGs) in manure anaerobic digestion (AD) process coupled with two types of biochar (BC and BP) were investigated. And the effects of biochar on the conjugation transfer of ARGs were explored by deciphering the interaction of biochar with bacterial stress responses, physiological metabolism and antibiotic resistances. Results showed that AD process could effectively remove all the detected eARGs with efficiency of 47.4–98.2%. The modified biochar (BP) with larger specific surface area (SSA) was propitious to decrease the absolute copy number of extracellular resistance genes. AD process could effectively remove iARGs by inhibiting the growth of host bacteria. The results of structural equation models (SEM) indicated that biochar put indirect influences on the fate of ARGs (λ = −0.23, P > 0.05). Analysis on oxidative stress levels, antioxidant capacity, DNA damage-induced response (SOS) response and energy generation process demonstrated that biochar induced the oxidative stress response of microorganisms and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of bacteria. The elevated antioxidant capacity negatively affected SOS response, amplified cell membrane damage and further weakened the energy generation process, resulted in the inhibition of horizontal transfer of ARGs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S001393512200857X