摘要
      水产养殖是包括中国在内的许多国家的重要蛋白质来源。综合多营养水产养殖（IMTA）被广泛用于减轻水产养殖的环境压力和增加利润。然而，IMTA对宿主免疫和代谢反应、细菌群落动力学和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的影响研究相对不足。在本研究中，不同组合的杂交石斑鱼（Epinephlus fuscoguttatus）的IMTA海水养殖系统♀ ×E.lanceolatus♂), 构建了白腿虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）和藻类（Gracilia bailinae），以评估不同养殖系统对水产养殖初期水生环境和养殖物种的影响。结果表明，白暨豚能有效去除水中积累的无机营养物质，从而显著促进杂交石斑鱼的生长，增强非特异性免疫和糖脂代谢。尽管ARGs在整个培养过程中都存在，但四个培养系统中有三个系统中ARGs的相对丰度随着培养时间的推移而降低。在单一养殖和鱼藻IMTA系统中尤其如此，这表明这些水产养殖系统对环境中的ARGs具有清除作用。相关性和网络分析表明，ARGs与环境因素没有显著相关性，但与细菌群落密切相关。大约25个拟杆菌门和变形菌群与ARGs显著相关，包括氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺酶、氯霉素和多药耐药基因。此外，转座酶基因tnpA-07通过与拟杆菌门和变形杆菌门的相互作用间接影响ARGs。这项研究为进一步优化培养方法和控制ARGs在IMTA系统中的传播和生态风险提供了见解。
Abstract
Aquaculture is an important protein source in many countries, including China. Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) is widely used to reduce the environmental pressure of aquaculture and to increase profits. However, effects of IMTA on host immune and metabolic responses, the dynamics of bacterial communities, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are relatively understudied. In this study, the IMTA mariculture systems with different combinations of the hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂), the whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and the alga (Gracilaria bailinae) were constructed to evaluate the effects of different culture systems on the aquatic environment and cultured species during the initial stage of aquaculture. Results showed that G. bailinae could effectively remove inorganic nutrients accumulated in water, which in turn significantly promoted growth and enhanced non-specific immunity and glycolipid metabolism in the hybrid grouper. Although ARGs were present throughout the culture process, the relative abundance of ARGs in three of the four culture systems decreased with culture time. This was especially the case in the monoculture and the fish-algal IMTA systems, indicating that these aquaculture systems had a scavenging effect on ARGs in the environment. Correlation and network analyses indicated that ARGs were not significantly correlated with environmental factors but were closely related to bacterial communities. Approximately 25 bacterial groups of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly correlated with ARGs, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactamase, chloramphenicol, and multidrug resistance genes. Moreover, tnpA-07, a transposase gene, indirectly affected ARGs through its interaction with Acteroidetes and Proteobacteria. This study provides insights into further optimizing culture methods and controlling the spread and ecological risk of ARGs in IMTA systems.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044848622004380