摘要
      抗生素被认为是新出现的污染物，可能对环境造成严重的有害影响。由于抗生素的频繁使用，抗生素耐药性的发展成为严重威胁。这篇综述介绍了厌氧消化（AD）从环境中消除抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的可行性。这篇综述得出的结论是，厌氧膜生物反应器（AnMBR）是抗生素（磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄啶、克拉霉素、红霉素、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、头孢氨苄、头孢拉定）和ARGs去除（sul1、sul2、tetO、tetW、ermF、ermB、blaNDM-1、blaCTX-M-15、blaoxa-48、blaoxa-1）最有效的技术。已观察到磺胺甲恶唑（>25 mg/l）、四环素（>1 mg/l）、氧氟沙星（>10 mg/l）、环丙沙星（>80 mg/l）、磺胺甲嗪（>90 mg/l）、泰乐菌素（>130 mg/l）和头孢噻呋（>10 mg/l）对抗生素暴露后AD的生物气或甲烷生成有抑制作用。这篇综述还加强了属于变形菌门、厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门、拟杆菌门、热菌门、Euryarchaeota门、Elusmicrobia门、Chlorobi门、螺旋体门、增效菌门和放线菌门的微生物在抗生素去除和生物能生产方面对AD的稳定性能很重要。然而，抗生素（单独使用和联合使用）对生物能源生产和微生物组成的影响尚未针对AnMBR进行广泛研究。因此，进一步的研究必须关注这些研究空白。此外，AnMBR可以与微生物燃料电池（MFC）集成，以增强抗生素和ARGs的去除，缓解膜污染问题，同时产生生物电和化学物质。因此，未来的研究必须检验它们在抗生素废水处理中的综合性能。此外，中温和嗜热厌氧消化器在消除生物固体（污泥）和粪便中的主要ARG（四环素类、磺酰胺类、大环内酯类、氟喹诺酮类、甲氧苄啶类、β-内酰胺酶、氨基糖苷类、氟苯尼考）方面非常出色。然而，即将进行的研究必须研究它们的综合性能，特别是通过使用活性炭和纳米零价铁（NZVI）来消除ARGs和提高生物能源生产。
Abstract
Antibiotics are considered emerging contaminants that may cause substantial detrimental effects on the environment. The severe threat is the development of antibiotic resistance due to its frequent consumption. This review presents the feasibility of anaerobic digestion (AD) in eliminating antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) from the environment. This review concludes that anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) is the most productive technology for antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, clarithromycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, cefalexin, cephradine) and ARGs removal (sul1, sul2, tetO, tetW, ermF, ermB, blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaoxa-48, blaoxa-1). Inhibition to AD in terms of biogas or methane production upon antibiotics exposure has been observed for sulfamethoxazole (>25 mg/l), tetracycline (>1 mg/l), ofloxacin (>10 mg/l), ciprofloxacin (>80 mg/l), sulfamerazine (>90 mg/l), tylosin (>130 mg/l) and ceftiofur (>10 mg/l). This review also fortifies that microorganisms belonging to phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Thermotogae, Euryarchaeota, Elusmicrobia, Chlorobi, Spirochaetes, Synergistetes, and Actinobacteria are important for stable performance of AD in terms of antibiotics removal and bioenergy production. However, the effects of antibiotics (individual and combined) on bioenergy production and microbial compositions have not been extensively investigated for AnMBR. Thus, further research must focus on these research gaps. In addition, AnMBR can be integrated with microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to enhance antibiotics and ARGs removal and mitigate membrane fouling issues while simultaneously producing bioelectricity and chemicals. Hence, future studies must examine their combined performance for antibiotic wastewater treatment. Additionally, mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digesters are exceptional in eliminating major ARGs (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, beta-lactamase, aminoglycosides, florfenicol) from both biosolids (sludge) and manure. Nevertheless, forthcoming research must investigate their combined performance especially by using activated carbon and nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) in eliminating ARGs and enhancing bioenergy production.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213343721014007