摘要
      噬菌体是生物圈中最丰富的生物实体，可以携带不同的细菌基因，包括那些赋予抗生素耐药性的基因。在这项研究中，通过qPCR分析乳制品中是否存在含有抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的噬菌体和噬菌体颗粒。在从巴塞罗那当地零售商处购买的50份开菲尔、酸奶、牛奶、新鲜奶酪和坚果牛奶（horchata）样本中发现了11种ARG。繁殖实验表明，从这些样本中分离出的至少一些噬菌体感染了大肠杆菌WG5，该菌株被选为宿主菌株，因为它的基因组中不含原噬菌体或ARGs。电子显微镜显示，噬菌体颗粒显示出与Myoviridae和Siphoviridae家族相容的形态。我们的研究结果表明，乳制品在感染性噬菌体颗粒中含有ARGs，因此可能是ARGs的库，这些ARGs可以在摄入后的食物基质和肠道中被动员到易感宿主。
Abstract
Phages, the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere, can carry different bacterial genes, including those conferring antibiotic resistance. In this study, dairy products were analyzed by qPCR for the presence of phages and phage particles containing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Eleven ARGs were identified in 50 samples of kefir, yogurt, milk, fresh cheese and nut-based milk (horchata), purchased from local retailers in Barcelona. Propagation experiments showed that at least some of the phages isolated from these samples infected Escherichia coli WG5, which was selected as the host strain because it does not contain prophages or ARGs in its genome. Electron microscopy revealed that the phage particles showed morphologies compatible with the Myoviridae and Siphoviridae families. Our results show that dairy products contain ARGs within infectious phage particles and may therefore serve as a reservoir of ARGs that can be mobilized to susceptible hosts, both in the food matrix and in the intestinal tract after ingestion.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160522000617