摘要
      抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）引起了人类健康的广泛关注，废水处理厂（WWTP）被认为是ARGs传播的主要来源。本文利用宏基因组学方法研究了新疆污水处理厂进水、活性污泥和出水中ARGs的潜在宿主及其遗传特征。杆菌肽耐药性基因（bacA）、β-内酰胺酶基因（A类β-内酶）、多药耐药性基因（mexD、qacEdelta1）和磺酰胺耐药性基因（sul1和sul2）是持久性抗生素耐药性基因（PARG）。ARGs的潜在宿主主要是病原体，其中大肠杆菌（12.9%）、约翰不动杆菌（8.94%）和肺炎克雷伯菌（5.30%）的比例最高。染色体序列和质粒序列分别占进水中携带ARG的重叠群（ACC）的42.0%和22.6%。同时，废水中质粒中含有58.3%的ACC，染色体中含有8.30%的ACC。杆菌肽抗性基因和多药抗性基因主要由染色体携带，而大环内酯-林可酰胺-链脲菌素（MLS）、万古霉素、磺酰胺、β-内酰胺、四环素、氯霉素和氨基糖苷的抗性基因主要通过质粒携带。ICEPae690-sul1-qacEdelta1和ICEPmiChn3-sul2是稳定的共存结构，并提高了ARGs在环境中的转移潜力。这项研究更清楚地了解了环境中ARGs的宿主细菌来源和遗传背景。
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Bacterial Hosts and Genetic Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wastewater Treatment Plants of Xinjiang (China) Revealed by Metagenomics
by Ziteng Liu 1ORCID,Junqin Yao 1,*,Huiying Ma 1,Abudukelimu Rukeya 1,Zenghui Liang 1,Wenyan Du 1 andYinguang Chen 2
1
College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
2
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 3100; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12063100
Received: 6 December 2021 / Revised: 10 March 2022 / Accepted: 15 March 2022 / Published: 18 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment)
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Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose a widespread concern for human health and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered to be a major source of ARG transmission. In this paper, the potential hosts and genetic characteristics of ARGs in the influent, activated sludge and effluent of WWTPs in Xinjiang were studied by metagenomics. Bacitracin resistance gene (bacA), beta-lactamase gene (class A beta-lactamase), multidrug resistance genes (mexD, qacEdelta1), and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, and sul2) are persistent antibiotic resistance genes (PARGs). The potential hosts of ARGs were mainly pathogens, with Escherichia coli (12.9%), Acinetobacter johnsonii (8.94%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.30%) accounting for the highest proportions. Chromosomal sequences and plasmid sequences accounted for 42.0% and 22.6% of ARG-carrying contigs (ACCs) in the influent, respectively. Meanwhile, the effluent contained 58.3% of ACCs in plasmids and 8.30% in chromosomes. Bacitracin resistance genes and multidrug resistance genes were mainly carried by chromosomes, while resistance genes for macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS), vancomycin, sulfonamide, beta-lactam, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycoside were mainly carried by plasmids. ICEPae690-sul1-qacEdelta1 and ICEPmiChn3-sul2 were stable coexistence structures and heighten the transfer potential of ARGs in the environment. This study provided a clearer picture of host bacterial sources and genetic context of ARGs in the environment.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/6/3100