摘要
      人类尿液中的抗生素会加速抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）的传播，对污水造成潜在威胁。分离尿液的硝化是实现尿液资源化和氮稳定的关键步骤。然而，在尿液硝化过程中对抗生素和ARGs的协同控制是不可恢复的。本研究调查了五种典型抗生素的去除情况以及稳定硝化过程中微生物群落和ARGs的变化。结果表明，磺胺甲恶唑和罗红霉素的去除率分别为（95±5）%和（90±10）%，其次是恩诺沙星，去除率为（60±5），而甲氧苄啶和氯霉素的去除率较低，低于40%。氨氧化菌和异养菌对磺胺甲恶唑的去除作用相同，生物降解率高达0.1534L/gVSS·h，而吸附和生物降解共同促进了其他抗生素的去除。前25个细菌属的总相对丰度下降了10%。前30个ARGs的总相对丰度下降了20%以上，这与细菌群落的变化相对应。这项研究的发现将使我们更深入地了解在来源分离尿液的硝化过程中消除抗生素和控制ARGs的传播。
Abstract
Antibiotics in human urine could accelerate dissemination of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs), posing potential threat to sewage. The nitritation of source-separated urine was a critical step to realize the urine resourcelization and nitrogen stabilization. However, the synergic control on antibiotics and ARGs during urine nitritation was unrevealed. This study investigated the removal profiles of five typical antibiotics and the shifts of microbial community and ARGs during stable nitritation. The result showed that sulfamethoxazole and roxithromycin were effectively eliminated with high removal efficiency of (95 ± 5) % and (90 ± 10) %, followed by enrofloxacin with removal efficiency of (60 ± 5) %, whereas trimethoprim and chloramphenicol showed low removal efficiency of less than 40 %. Ammonia oxidation bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria equally contributed to elimination of sulfamethoxazole with a high biodegradation rate of 0.1534 L/gVSS·h, while sorption and biodegradation jointly promoted other antibiotics removal. The total relative abundance of top 25 bacteria genera was decreased by 10 %. The total relative abundance of top 30 ARGs was decreased by more than 20 %, which was corresponding to the variation of bacterial community. The findings in this research would get a deeper insight into the eliminating antibiotics and controlling ARGs dissemination during nitritation of source-separated urine.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389422011621