摘要
      农业利用经处理的废水是减少淡水消耗的有效手段。然而，人们越来越担心TWW灌溉可能传播抗生素耐药性元素。我们假设，与FW灌溉相比，TWW灌溉的土壤和作物中检测到更高水平的抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）。为了验证我们的预测，在连续两个生长季节收集了水（FW、二次TWW和三次TWW）、灌溉土壤和作物（番茄）表面冲洗的样本。对样品中对磺酰胺、氟喹诺酮、青霉素、红霉素和四环素产生耐药性的ARGs，以及1类整合子整合酶和细菌16S rRNA编码基因进行了定量。与我们的假设相反，灌溉水中的ARGs既没有传播到灌溉土壤中，也没有传播到番茄中。番茄表面清洗的特点是在水中和灌溉土壤中都没有发现各种ARG。因此，我们谨慎地质疑灌溉水质与土壤和农产品抗性之间的联系。
Abstract
Agricultural use of treated wastewater (TWW) is an effective means to reduce freshwater (FW) consumption. However, there is a growing concern regarding the potential dissemination of antibiotic resistance elements by TWW irrigation. We hypothesized that higher levels of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) would be detected in soil and crops irrigated with TWW compared to FW irrigation. To test our prediction, samples of water (FW, secondary TWW, and tertiary TWW), irrigated soils, and crops (tomato) surface wash were collected during two consecutive growing seasons. The ARGs conferring resistance to sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone, penicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline were quantified in the samples, alongside Class 1 integron-integrase and the bacterial 16 S rRNA encoding genes. Contrary to our hypothesis, ARGs in the irrigation water were not propagated to either the irrigated soil, or the tomato. The tomato surface wash featured a variety of ARGs that were undetected in neither the waters nor the irrigated soils. Therefore, we cautiously question the link between irrigation water quality and the soil and produce resistomes.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935122003486