摘要
      产生新德里金属-β-内酰胺酶1（NDM-1）的超耐药细菌正在成为一个可以想象的全球主要临床问题，并产生严重后果。研究超级耐药细菌及其抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的消毒及其机制对于控制其在水环境中的传播至关重要。在本研究中，研究了超抗性细菌不动杆菌CS-2及其可转移ARGs（编码blaNDM-1和blaOXA-58的质粒）通过紫外线辐射（UV）、过氧一硫酸盐（PMS）和紫外线/过氧一硫酸盐暴露（UV/PMS）的消毒。UV/PMS可以完全灭活CS-2并控制光活化风险，而接受紫外线和PMS处理的细菌的存活率分别为0.22%和0.28%。blaNDM-1和blaOXA-58的去除效率在3.64至4.05 log之间，通过凝胶电泳分析进一步确定了UV/PMS处理对ARGs损伤的优势。blaNDM-1的去除效率低于blaOXA-58，这归因于blaNDM-1所携带的相邻5′-TT-3′的数量较低。紫外线处理对ARGs的去除速率常数与相邻碱基对的数量（如5′-TT-3′，5′-CT-3′、5′-TC-3′和5′-CC-3′）和长度显著相关，R值在0.9044至0.9512之间。在UV/PMS处理中，单态氧（1O2）在blaNDM-1和blaOXA-58的减少中起着至关重要的作用。UV/PMS在自然pH条件下和在各种水性离子（如Cl−、SO42−和HCO3−）存在下显示出较高的去除效率。总体而言，本研究为超耐药细菌和质粒编码ARGs的风险控制提供了新的理解和理论支持。
Abstract
The super-resistant bacteria that produce the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) enzyme are becoming a conceivably major worldwide clinical issue with serious consequences. Studying the disinfection and mechanism of super-resistant bacteria and their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is crucial for controlling their spread in the water environment. In this study, the disinfection of the super-resistant bacterium Acinetobacter sp. CS-2 and its transferable ARGs (plasmid-encoded blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-58) by ultraviolet radiation (UV), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and ultraviolet/peroxymonosulfate (UV/PMS) exposure were investigated. UV/PMS could completely inactivate CS-2 and control the photoreactivation risk, while bacteria that underwent UV and PMS treatment had survival ratios of 0.22% and 0.28%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-58 ranged from 3.64 to 4.05 log, and the advantage of UV/PMS treatment on ARGs damage was further identified by gel electrophoresis analysis. The removal efficiency of blaNDM-1 was lower than that of blaOXA-58, which was attributed to the low number of adjacent 5′-TT-3′ harbored by blaNDM-1. The removal rate constants of the ARGs by UV treatment were significantly correlated with the number of adjacent base pairs (e.g., 5′-TT-3′, 5′-CT-3′, 5′-TC-3′ and 5′-CC-3′) and length, with R-values ranging from 0.9044 to 0.9512. Singlet oxygen (1O2) played a vital role in the reduction of blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-58 in the UV/PMS treatment. UV/PMS showed high removal efficiency under natural pH conditions and in the presence of various aqueous ions (e.g., Cl−, SO42− and HCO3−). Overall, this study provides new understandings and theoretical support for the risk control of super-resistant bacteria and plasmid-encoded ARGs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1385894721051391