摘要
      城市化是一个由人类活动介导的生态系统进化过程。其中一个主要后果是水生环境中抗生素耐药性和微生物组的改变，这些抗生素可能从水中转移到沉积物中，并对水生动物甚至人类的健康产生长期影响。然而，城市化在形成水和沉积物中的抗性和微生物组方面的作用在很大程度上是未知的。在这里，选择了一个具有显著城市化梯度的典型流域，并对水和沉积物中的抗性和微生物组进行了分析。在水中，ARGs的相对丰度和细菌多样性随着城市化而逐渐增加，但在沉积物中相对稳定。城市周边和城市水体中潜在多重耐药细菌的丰度显著高于农村水体，而在沉积物中，在不同的城市化水平下检测到独特的潜在多重耐药菌。人口规模被确定为形成ARGs概况的关键因素。最后，基于投影寻踪回归模型的环境风险评估表明，与农村和城市周边地区的沉积物相反，城市地区的水具有更高的抗生素耐药性的潜在环境风险。我们的研究结果揭示了水和沉积物在抗生素耐药性和微生物组方面对城市化的不同反应。这项工作为流域ARGs的分级控制传播提供了重要指导。
Abstract
Urbanization is a process of ecosystem evolution mediated by human activities. One of the main consequences is the alteration of antibiotic resistome and microbiome in aquatic environment, which may transfer from water to sediments and exert a long-term health concern to aquatic animals and even humans. However, the role of urbanization in shaping resistome and microbiome in water and sediments is largely unknown. Here, a typical watershed with a significant gradient of urbanization was selected, and the resistome and microbiome in both water and sediments were profiled. In water, the relative abundance of ARGs and bacterial diversity increased gradually along the urbanization, but were relatively stable in sediments. The abundance of potential multidrug-resistant bacteria in peri-urban and urban water were significantly higher than rural water, while in sediments, unique potential multidrug-resistant bacteria were detected at different urbanization levels. Population size was identified as the key factor shaping the ARGs profiles. Finally, environmental risk assessment based on the projection pursuit regression model suggested that the water in urban region had higher potential environmental risk of antibiotic resistance, in contrary to the sediments in rural and peri-urban regions. Our findings revealed distinct responses of water and sediment to urbanization in terms of antibiotic resistome and microbiome. This work provides important guide for hierarchically controlling ARGs dissemination in watershed.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653522012000