摘要
      由于食物变质，抗生素耐药性和病原体的传播，大量的食物浪费对健康造成了越来越大的担忧。然而，在最终处理之前的收集、分类和运输过程中，人们对这些微生物危害知之甚少。在这里，我们描述了中国典型东南城市夏季室温（最高28-29°C）储存期间，四种典型食物垃圾（蔬菜、鱼类、肉类和大米）中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）、病原体、细菌和真菌群落的时间变化。共检测到171个ARGs和32个可移动遗传元件，随着储存时间的推移，ARGs的绝对丰度显著增加了126倍。此外，在除大米外的所有食物类型中，检测到五种含有毒力因子基因的细菌病原体，并在整个储存时间内持续检测到肺炎克雷伯菌。此外，真菌病原体（如曲霉菌、青霉和镰刀菌）也经常被检测到。值得注意的是，动物性食物垃圾中含有更高丰度的ARGs和更多类型的病原体，这表明其危害程度更高。流动遗传元素和食物类型分别被证明主要影响ARG谱和病原体。这项工作全面了解了与食物垃圾回收相关的微生物危害，并将有助于优化食物垃圾管理，以确保生物安全并有益于人类健康。
Abstract
The massive food wastes pose a growing health concern for spreading of antibiotic resistance and pathogens due to food spoilage. However, little is known about these microbial hazards during collection, classification, and transportation before eventual treatment. Here, we profiled the temporal variations of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), pathogens, bacterial and fungal communities across four typical food wastes (vegetable, fish, meat, and rice) during storage at room temperature in summer (maximum 28–29 °C) of typical southeast city in China. A total of 171 ARGs and 32 mobile genetic elements were detected, and the absolute abundance of ARGs significantly increased by up to 126-fold with the storage time. Additionally, five bacterial pathogens containing virulence factor genes were detected, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was persistently detected throughout the storage time in all food types except rice. Moreover, fungal pathogens (e.g., Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium) were also frequently detected. Notably, animal food wastes were demonstrated to harbor higher abundance of ARGs and more types of pathogens, indicating a higher level of hazard. Mobile genetic elements and food types were demonstrated to mainly impact ARG profiles and pathogens, respectively. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the microbial hazards associated with food waste recycling, and will contribute to optimize the food waste management to ensure biosecurity and benefit human health.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389422010512