摘要
      畜牧场被认为是抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）和抗生素耐药性细菌（ARB）的主要来源，对人类健康有潜在影响。在这项研究中，我们系统地分析了养牛场和周围村民工人口咽和肠道中的微生物组组成、ARGs和可移动遗传元素（MGE）的分布、牛粪便和农场空气，以及农场空气、牛粪和农场工人（口咽和肠）之间的微生物群落关系。暴露在农场环境中可能重塑了农场工人的口咽和肠道微生物群，降低了微生物多样性（P<0.05），并在口咽中富集了一些机会性致病菌，如志贺氏菌、链球菌和奈瑟菌。同时，与村民相比，农场工人口咽ARG丰度显著增加（P<0.05），但肠道无显著差异（P>0.05）。农场工人的微生物组成和ARG谱可能受到工作时间和工作类型的影响，农场工人肠道ARG丰度与工作时间呈正相关（P<0.01），并且在赶鱼的口咽中发现了更高的ARG丰度。网络分析显示，4个MGE（tnpA-01、tnpA-04、Tp614和IS613）、5个门（如拟杆菌门、梭杆菌门和TM7）和6个属与37个ARG显著相关（ρ>0.6，P<0.01）。总体而言，我们的结果表明，农场暴露可能影响了农场工人的微生物组成和ARG丰度增加。一些ARGs可能通过宿主细菌在环境、动物和人类之间传播，这可能对人类健康构成潜在威胁。
Abstract
Livestock farms are recognized as the main sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) with potential implications for human health. In this study, we systematically analyzed microbiome composition, distribution of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the oropharynx and gut of workers in cattle farms and surrounding villagers, cattle feces and farm air, and the relationship of microbial communities among farm air, cattle feces and farmworkers (oropharynx and gut). Exposure to the farm environment may have remodeled farmworkers' oropharynx and gut microbiota, with reduced microbial diversity (P < 0.05) and enrichment of some opportunistic pathogenic bacteria like Shigella, Streptococcus, and Neisseria in the oropharynx. Meanwhile, compared with villagers, ARG abundance in oropharynx of farmworkers increased significantly (P < 0.05), but, no significant difference in gut (P > 0.05). Microbial composition and ARG profile in farmworkers might be influenced by working time and work type, ARG abundance in farmworkers' gut was positively correlated with working time (P < 0.01), and higher ARG abundance was found in the oropharynx of drovers. The network analysis revealed that 4 MGEs (tnpA-01, tnpA-04, Tp614, and IS613), 5 phyla (e.g. Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and TM7), and 6 genera were significantly associated with 37 ARGs (ρ > 0.6, P < 0.01). Overall, our results indicated that farm exposure may have affected the microbial composition and increased ARG abundance of farmworkers. Transmission of some ARGs may have occurred among the environment, animals and humans via host bacteria, which might pose a potential threat to human health.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969721057636