摘要
      抗生素和抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）在环境中的传播对公众健康构成了潜在威胁。不幸的是，传统的生物废水处理技术通常对抗生素和ARGs的去除不足。生物电化学系统可以通过电化学氧化还原反应增强微生物代谢，有效降解难降解有机污染物，为控制抗生素和ARGs提供了一种替代方案。本文将生物电化学系统和厌氧膜生物反应器相结合，进行了厌氧电化学膜生物反应（AnEMBR）处理含抗生素废水。在处理2.5–15 mg/L的CTC时，开路条件下的AnEMBR显示出稳定的CH4生成和对COD和金霉素（CTC）的高去除率。然而，将CTC增加到45mg/L完全抑制了AnEMBR在开路条件下的甲烷生成。在AnEMBR中施加外部电压后，AnEMBR的性能显著提高（例如，增加了CH4的产生和CTC的去除）。此外，CTC暴露显著增加了开路时AnEMBR中污泥、上清液和流出物中ARGs的相对丰度。与开路时相比，施加电压大大降低了AnEMBR上清液和流出物中ARG的总相对丰度。这可能归因于四环素降解基因tetX的富集，这大大增强了AnEMBR对CTC的去除，从而降低了CTC对上清液和流出物中微生物对ARGs增殖的选择性压力。这些结果将为处理高浓度含抗生素废水提供一种有效的废水处理技术，以减轻ARGs和抗生素在接收水体中传播的潜在风险。
Abstract
The spread of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environments has posed potential threats to public health. Unfortunately, conventional biological wastewater treatment technologies generally show insufficient removal of antibiotics and ARGs. Bioelectrochemical systems, which can effectively degrade refractory organic pollutants via enhancing microbial metabolisms through electrochemical redox reaction, may provide an alternative for the control of antibiotics and ARGs. Herein, an anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor (AnEMBR) was conducted by combining bioelectrochemical system and anaerobic membrane bioreactor to treat antibiotic-containing wastewater. The AnEMBR at open circuit showed stable CH4 production and high removal of COD and chlortetracycline (CTC) in treating 2.5–15 mg/L CTC. However, increasing CTC to 45 mg/L completely inhibited the methanogenesis of AnEMBR at open circuit. After applying external voltage in AnEMBR, the performances of AnEMBR were significantly improved (e.g., increased CH4 production and CTC removal). Moreover, CTC exposure significantly increased the relative abundances of ARGs in sludge, supernatant, and effluent in AnEMBR at open circuit. Applying voltage greatly attenuated the total relative abundances of ARGs in the supernatant and effluent of AnEMBR compared to those at open circuit. This could be attributed to the enrichment of tetracycline degradation gene tetX, which greatly enhanced the removal of CTC by the AnEMBR and thus reduced the selective pressure of CTC on the microorganisms in supernatant and effluent for ARGs proliferation. These results would provide an effective wastewater treatment technology for treating high-level antibiotic-containing wastewater to mitigate the potential risk of ARGs and antibiotics spread in receiving water body.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412022003087