摘要
      尽管人们对抗生素耐药性与各种抗生素和非抗生素制剂的共同选择表示担忧，但关于它们在城市污泥中的相关性的数据仍然有限。此外，抗生素污染不仅会导致毒性，还会导致抗生素耐药性。在这项研究中，首次在城市污泥中大规模鉴定了抗生素和非抗生素制剂，以共同选择对抗生素的耐药性。共现分析表明，抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）与相应的抗生素没有显著相关性。因此，基于抗生素浓度和ARG丰度的共现分析结果总是模糊不清，难以解释。然而，抗生素耐药性与双氯芬酸、恩诺沙星和尼古丁等剧毒化合物呈正相关，这表明环境污染物可能会影响抗生素耐药性，同时通过微生物群落和酶活性的变化等机制发挥毒性。1类整合酶基因（intI1）与双氯芬酸/恩诺沙星之间的密切相关性表明，环境污染物和ARGs之间的共同选择可能是通过intI1介导的。总的来说，衍生的共现模式提高了我们对ARGs、抗生素和非抗生素制剂之间的共同选择的理解，也重申了非抗生素制剂在抗生素耐药性全球传播中潜在作用的重要性。
Abstract
Although concerns have been raised about co-selection for antibiotic resistance and various antibiotics and non-antibiotic agents, the data on their association in urban sludge is still limited. In addition, antibiotic contamination can result in not only the toxicity but also the antibiotic resistance. In this study, the first large-scale identification of antibiotics and non-antibiotic agents concern for co-selection of resistance against antibiotics was conducted in urban sludge. Co-occurrence analysis showed that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) had no significant correlation with the corresponding antibiotics. Therefore, the results of co-occurrence analysis based on antibiotic concentration and ARG abundance were always ambiguous and difficult to interpret. However, antibiotic resistance was positively correlated with highly toxic compounds such as diclofenac, enrofloxacin and nicotine, suggesting that environmental contaminants might influence antibiotic resistance while exerting toxicity through mechanisms such as changes in microbial community and enzyme activity. The close correlation between class 1 integrase gene (intI1) and diclofenac/enrofloxacin indicated that the co-selection scenario between environmental contaminants and ARGs was likely mediated via intI1. In total, the derived co-occurrence patterns improve our understanding of the co-selection between ARGs, antibiotics and non-antibiotic agents, and also reaffirm the importance of potential role of non-antibiotic agents in the global spread of antibiotic resistance.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749121021060