摘要
      热岩溶湖是富冰多年冻土融化的结果，是寒冷地区重要的水资源。然而，抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在热岩溶湖泊中的分布研究却少得多。利用宏基因组测序方法，我们首次记录了青藏高原黄河源区热岩溶湖泊中的ARGs（QTP）。结果表明，热岩溶湖泊的沉积物和水都含有不同的ARG。多药耐药基因最为多样，而利福霉素耐药基因最丰富，rpoB2和rpoB基因所占比例最高。沉积物样品比水样含有更多的ARG，但这两种样品的成分不同。然而，沉积物和水ARG的组成变化密切相关。ARGs的Sorensen差异是由沉积物样品中的强周转过程以及水样中的周转和嵌套控制的。沉积物和水样之间的嵌套性贡献很大。此外，水中ARGs与环境变量的关系比沉积物中的ARGs更为显著。考虑到热岩溶湖作为多年冻土景观中重要的水资源的作用，以及气候变化和人类活动的加剧影响，热岩溶湖可能会带来潜在的ARG风险，需要进一步调查和评估。
Abstract
Thermokarst lakes form as the results of ice-rich permafrost thawing and act as important water resources in cold regions. However, the distributions of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in thermokarst lakes are far less studied. Using metagenomic sequencing approach, we provided the first study to document ARGs in thermokarst lakes of the Yellow River Source Area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The results revealed that both sediment and water of the thermokarst lakes harbor diverse ARGs. Multidrug resistance genes were the most diverse, while rifamycin resistance genes were the most abundant with rpoB2 and rpoB genes having the highest proportion. Sediment samples contained more ARGs than water samples, but their composition differed between the two types of samples. However, the composition variations of sediment and water ARGs were closely correlated. The Sorensen dissimilarities of ARGs were controlled by strong turnover processes in sediment samples, and by turnover and nestedness in water samples. High contributions of nestedness were found between sediment and water samples. Moreover, ARGs in water had more significant relationships with environmental variables than that in sediment. Given the role of thermokarst lakes as important water resources in permafrost landscape, as well as intensifying influences of climate change and anthropogenetic activities, thermokarst lakes could bring potential ARG risks, warranting further investigation and evaluation.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749122013161