摘要
     近几十年来，通过厌氧消化（AD）将农业动物技术废物作为能源进行管理和定价的创新实践迅速发展。然而，到目前为止，将消化物作为生物肥料施用到土壤中是否可以成为抗生素（AB）和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的来源尚未得到充分研究。在这项工作中，在意大利中部的几个厌氧消化器中测量了引起磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）耐药性（sul1，sul2）、环丙沙星（CIP）耐药性（qnrS，qepA，aac-（6′）-Ib-cr）和可移动遗传元件intl1的ARGs，以及抗生素SMX和CIP的浓度。基于这些结果，还估计了抗生素和ARGs的浓度，这些抗生素和ARG可能通过用消化物改良而到达土壤。在冬季和春季厌氧消化器中发现最高的CIP和SMX浓度。aac-（6'）-Ib-cr和sul2基因的ARG丰度最高。总体结果表明，将消化液应用于土壤并不能排除AB污染和ARGs在农业生态系统中的传播，尤其是在环丙沙星的情况下，因为其具有很高的内在持久性。
Abstract
In recent decades, the innovative practice of management and valorization of agrozootechnical waste as energy through anaerobic digestion (AD) has been rapidly growing. However, whether applying digestate to soil as biofertilizer can be a source of antibiotics (ABs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has not been fully investigated so far. In this work the ARGs responsible for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) resistance (sul1, sul2), ciprofloxacin (CIP) resistance (qnrS, qepA, aac-(6′)-Ib-cr) and the mobile genetic element intl1, together with the concentrations of the antibiotics SMX and CIP, were measured in several anaerobic digesters located in Central Italy. Based on these results, the concentrations of antibiotics and ARGs which can potentially reach soil through amendment with digestate were also estimated. The highest CIP and SMX concentrations were found during winter and spring in anaerobic digesters. The highest ARG abundances were found for the aac-(6’)-Ib-cr and sul2 genes. The overall results showed that application of digestate to soil does not exclude AB contamination and spread of ARGs in agroecosystems, especially in the case of ciprofloxacin, owing to its high intrinsic persistence.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301479721019538