摘要
出身背景
抗生素耐药性已被发现与人类肠道中的核心微生物群强烈相互作用，但人们对抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）如何与被视为“陆地肠道”的大河中的某些微生物相关知之甚少
后果
通过创建长江4300公里连续体中水中和沉积物中ARG和抗生素抗性微生物的整体模式，我们发现人类致病菌（HPB）在水中和沉积物中共占13.4%和5.9%的ARG宿主，但分别占浮游和沉积ARG总数的64%和46%。此外，浮游HPB含有79个ARG组合，这些组合在河流流域中由“天然”超级载体（例如Rheinheimera texasensis和Noviherbaspirillum sp.Root189）主导。
结论
我们证实，陆地HPB是河流中主要的ARG宿主，而不是人类肠道中普遍存在的传统超级载体（如肠球菌和其他粪便指示细菌）。在世界大型河流中发现HPB作为天然超级载体，不仅解释了ARG及其宿主的空间差异之间的不一致性，而且突出了在未来全球河流生态系统ARG相关风险管理中控制陆地HPB的首要任务。
Abstract
Background
Antibiotic resistome has been found to strongly interact with the core microbiota in the human gut, yet little is known about how antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) correlate with certain microbes in large rivers that are regarded as “terrestrial gut.”

Results
By creating the integral pattern for ARGs and antibiotic-resistant microbes in water and sediment along a 4300-km continuum of the Yangtze River, we found that human pathogen bacteria (HPB) share 13.4% and 5.9% of the ARG hosts in water and sediment but contribute 64% and 46% to the total number of planktonic and sedimentary ARGs, respectively. Moreover, the planktonic HPB harbored 79 ARG combinations that are dominated by “natural” supercarriers (e.g., Rheinheimera texasensis and Noviherbaspirillum sp. Root189) in river basins.

Conclusions
We confirmed that terrestrial HPB are the major ARG hosts in the river, rather than conventional supercarriers (e.g., Enterococcus spp. and other fecal indicator bacteria) that prevail in the human gut. The discovery of HPB as natural supercarriers in a world’s large river not only interprets the inconsistency between the spatial dissimilarities in ARGs and their hosts, but also highlights the top priority of controlling terrestrial HPB in the future ARG-related risk management of riverine ecosystems globally.

https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-022-01294-z