摘要
      污泥是抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的主要载体，也是ARGs在陆地上应用后的主要环境来源。发酵产品中的抗生素和ARGs在陆地上应用之前需要有效去除。在本研究中，研究了应用常规好氧发酵（CAF）和超嗜热有氧发酵（HAF）后抗生素的去除和ARG的命运。HAF对抗生素的降解效率很高，在HAF过程的第一阶段，有89.9%的NOR被生物降解。与其他非生物因素相比，温度对HAF中抗生素降解动力学的影响更大，并且HAF组抗生素的减少与芽孢杆菌的丰度呈负相关（p<0.01）。HAF组的ARGs和MGEs在Ⅰ期迅速下降，HAF组ARG的去除率高于CAF组。所有细菌均与ARGs显著负共发生，且MGE为芽孢杆菌科。对土地上不同发酵产品应用场景的风险系数（RQs）进行了评估；在20t/ha改良率下，Ⅰ期的RQNOR值比CAF组低26.99%。总的来说，HAF过程可以在比CAF过程更短的时间内实现低风险。
Abstract
Sludge is a major carrier of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), and the major environmental source of ARGs following its application to land. Antibiotics and ARGs of fermentation products need to be effectively removed before application on land. In this study, antibiotic removal and ARG fate following the application of conventional aerobic fermentation (CAF) and hyperthermophilic aerobic fermentation (HAF) were investigated. HAF exhibited high efficiency in antibiotic degradation, with 89.9% NOR biodegraded during the stage Ⅰ in HAF process. Temperature influenced antibiotic degradation dynamics in HAF to a greater extent than other abiotic factors, and antibiotic reduction in HAF group was negatively correlated with Bacillus abundance (p < 0.01). ARGs and MGEs in the HAF group decreased rapidly at stage Ⅰ and the ARG-removal rate in the HAF group was higher than that in the CAF group. All the bacteria significantly and negatively co-occurred with ARGs, and MGEs were Bacillaceae. Risk Quotients (RQs) for different fermentation product application scenarios in land were evaluated; the RQNOR value of stage Ⅰ was 26.99% less than that of the CAF group under a 20 t/ha amendment rate. Overall, the HAF process could achieve low risk over a shorter time than the CAF process.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652622045929