摘要
      考虑到典型固体废物抗生素发酵渣（AFDs）堆肥中存在的主要问题，即残留的抗生素可能导致抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的繁殖，以及氨气（NH3）排放导致的农业生产价值降低。本研究建立了一个生物增强泰乐菌素发酵渣（TFDs）好氧共堆肥系统，以研究新型分离高效菌株克雷伯菌TN-1接种对泰乐菌肽降解、减少氨排放和ARG丰度的影响。
结果表明，克雷伯菌TN-1菌株的应用延长了嗜热阶段，促进了堆肥的成熟。此外，与克雷伯菌菌株TN-1的生物强化共堆肥使泰乐菌素完全降解，并去除了大部分ARGs、金属抗性基因（MRGs）和可移动遗传元素（MGEs），还通过提高氨氧化率有效减少了49.76%的氨排放。主坐标分析进一步表明，克雷伯菌TN-1菌株对细菌群落组成的影响很小，而在此过程中其他物理和化学性质的变化是TFDs共同堆肥中细菌群落进化和ARGs繁殖的主要原因。
这项研究表明，生物增强菌株克雷伯菌TN-1具有抗生素生物降解的潜力，并在AFDs联合堆肥过程中应用于氮保护，这可以降低ARGs传播的风险，使堆肥产品更安全。
Abstract
Considering the main problems presented in the typical solid wastes antibiotic fermentation dregs (AFDs) composting that the residual antibiotics could result in the propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and the reduced value of agronomic production caused by the ammonia gas (NH3) emissions. This study established a bio-augmented tylosin fermentation dregs (TFDs) aerobic co-composting system to investigate the effects of a novel isolated high-efficiency strain Klebsiella sp. TN-1 inoculation on tylosin degradation, reduction in ammonia emissions, and ARG abundances during this process.

Results showed that the application of strain Klebsiella sp. TN-1 extended the thermophilic stage and promoted compost maturity. Moreover, bio-enhanced co-composting with strain Klebsiella sp. TN-1 led to a totally degradation of tylosin, and removed most of ARGs, metal resistance genes (MRGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and also effectively reduce ammonia emission by 49.76 %.via increasing ammoxidation rates. Principal co-ordinates analysis further suggested that the strain Klebsiella sp. TN-1 had little influence on the bacterial community composition, while the changes of other physical and chemical properties during this process were the main reasons for the evolution of bacterial community and propagation of ARGs in the TFDs co-composting.

This study suggests the potential of the bio-enhanced strain Klebsiella sp. TN-1 for antibiotic biodegradation and its application for nitrogen conservation in the AFDs co-composting process, which could decrease the risk of ARGs spreading and make compost products more secure.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722051683