摘要
      为了鉴定参与抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的水平基因转移（HGT）和垂直基因转移（VGT）的关键宿主，并确定环境特性有助于ARG去除的程度和方式，采用宏基因组测序和网络分析相结合的方法，研究了沼渣和猪粪堆肥过程中ARG谱和关键宿主的变化。堆肥显著降低了除bacA以外的ARG的丰度。厚壁菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门的70个和41个宿主分别与HGT和VGT相关。使用结构方程模型确定了关键的环境特性。抗生素直接影响HGT并决定ARG的去除。温度间接影响HGT，主要是通过影响抗生素的降解。BacA仅与参与VGT的宿主相关，这可能导致其去除率较低。这些发现明确了抗生素的优先级和途径以及温度对ARG的影响。
Abstract
To identify the key hosts involved in horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and vertical gene transfer (VGT) of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and to determine the extent to and ways in which environmental properties contribute to ARG removal, the changes in ARG profile and key hosts during biogas residue and pig manure composting were investigated using metagenomic sequencing coupled with network analysis. Composting significantly reduced the abundances of ARGs other than bacA. Seventy and 41 hosts from Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were associated with HGT and VGT, respectively. The key environmental properties were determined using structural equation modelling. Antibiotics directly affected HGT and determined ARG removal. Temperature indirectly affected HGT, mainly by influencing the degradation of antibiotics. BacA was associated only with hosts involved in VGT, which may lead to its low removal rate. These findings specify the priority and pathway of antibiotics and temperature affecting ARG profile.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960852421015716