摘要

      抗微生物耐药性（AMR）被广泛认为是对人类健康、福祉和繁荣的巨大威胁。许多临床上重要的抗生素耐药性基因被认为起源于自然环境。然而，人类、动物和环境之间复杂的相互作用使得环境AMR对健康的影响难以量化。这篇叙述性综述的重点是天然洗澡水中抗生素耐药性细菌（ARB）的知识现状及其对人类健康的影响。它考虑了最新的研究，重点是ARB从洗澡水传播给人类。讨论了现有证据的局限性以及研究重点。作者认为，未来的研究应该包括受粪便污染的洗澡水和暴露在这些环境中的人，以准确地参数化环境对人的传播。Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely recognised as a considerable threat to human health, wellbeing and prosperity. Many clinically important antibiotic resistance genes are understood to have originated in the natural environment. However, the complex interactions between humans, animals and the environment makes the health implications of environmental AMR difficult to quantify. This narrative review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in natural bathing waters and implications for human health. It considers the latest research focusing on the transmission of ARB from bathing waters to humans. The limitations of existing evidence are discussed, as well as research priorities. The authors are of the opinion that future studies should include faecally contaminated bathing waters and people exposed to these environments to accurately parameterise environment-to-human transmission.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1369527421001405