摘要
      食物垃圾（FW）已被公认为通过厌氧发酵回收资源的重要来源，这也可能带来抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）传播的潜在风险。尽管FW的结构缺陷可以通过酶预处理来刺激以提高发酵效率，但酶预处理对ARGs命运和参与ARGs传播的微生物代谢途径的影响很少报道。这项工作证明，在长期FW发酵过程中，酶预处理可以有效降低ARGs的总丰度（减少13.8%-24.5%）。研究发现，酶促预处理显著降低了属于外排泵的ARGs，这可能归因于其增加膜渗透性的能力。此外，酶促预处理有利于减少微生物多样性和各种潜在的ARGs宿主（如甲烷菌、梭菌、普雷沃氏菌、拟杆菌）。此外，这种预处理显著上调了参与ABC转运蛋白的遗传表达（如eryF和mntA），并下调了参与DNA复制、双组分系统（如uphA和cckA）和群体感应（如rpfF和lsrG）的遗传表达，从而降低了ARGs的传递。本研究将扩大对FW发酵过程中预处理方法对ARGs命运的影响的认识，并为FW的可持续管理提供实际指导。
Abstract
Food waste (FW) has been recognized as essential reservoir for resource recovery via anaerobic fermentation, which could also bring the potential risk of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) dissemination. Although the structural deficiency of FW could be stimulated by enzymatic pretreatment to enhance fermentation efficiency, the influences of enzymatic pretreatment on ARGs fate and microbial metabolic pathways involved in ARGs dissemination have rarely been reported. This work proved that enzymatic pretreatment could effectively decrease the total abundance of ARGs (reduced by 13.8%-24.5%) during long-term FW fermentation. It was found that enzymatic pretreatment significantly reduced the ARGs belonging to the efflux pump, which might be ascribed to its ability to increase membrane permeability. Furthermore, enzymatic pretreatment was in favor of reducing microbial diversity and various potential ARGs host (e.g., Methanosarcina, Clostridium, Prevotella, Parabacteroides). Also, this pretreatment remarkably up-regulated the genetic expressions involved in ABC transporter (e.g., eryF and mntA) and down-regulated the genetic expressions that participated in DNA replication, two-component systems (e.g., uphA and cckA), and quorum sensing (e.g., rpfF and lsrG), thereby decreasing ARGs transmission. This study would expand the insight of the influences of pretreatment method on ARGs fate during FW fermentation, and offer practical guidance on the sustainable management of FW.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1001841722010671