摘要
      含有丰富营养素的肥料可以改变接收土壤中抗生素抗性病原体（ARPs）和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的分布；然而，不同施肥后农业土壤中的ARGs和ARPs仍不清楚。本研究采用宏基因组测序和装箱方法，在一项为期8年的田间试验中，研究了不同肥料施用（化学肥料和有机肥料）下的判别ARGs和ARPs。VanR、多药ARG转运蛋白、vanS、ermA和arnA是化肥组的鉴别ARG，而rosB、多药转运蛋白、mexW和aac（3）-I在有机肥组中增强。宏基因组装箱方法表明，两种施肥都会导致病原体增殖。化肥导致致病菌Luteimonas的增加，有机肥促进了致病菌Dokdonella和Pseudomonas的增殖。携带mexW和多药转运蛋白的致病物种Pseudomonas_H sp014836765仅在有机肥组中富集，表明它在有机肥中是一种具有鉴别性的ARP。我们的研究结果表明，施肥，特别是有机肥的施用，可以促进ARGs和ARPs在接受土壤中的增殖，从而带来土传ARPs发展和传播的风险。
Abstract
Fertilizers containing rich nutrients can change the profiles of antibiotic resistant pathogens (ARPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in receiving soils; however, the discriminative ARGs and ARPs in agricultural soil following different fertilizer applications remain unknown. Using metagenomic sequencing combined with binning approach, the present study investigated the discriminative ARGs and ARPs under various fertilizer applications (chemical and organic fertilizer) in a 8-year field experiment. VanR, multidrug ARG transporter, vanS, ermA, and arnA were the discriminative ARGs in the chemical fertilizer group, whereas rosB, multidrug transporter, mexW, and aac(3)-I were enhanced in the organic fertilizer group. The metagenomic binning approach revealed that both fertilizer applications caused pathogen proliferation. Chemical fertilizer caused the increase in the pathogenic genus Luteimonas, and organic fertilizer facilitated the proliferation of the pathogenic genera Dokdonella and Pseudomonas. The pathogenic species Pseudomonas_H sp014836765, carrying mexW and multidrug transporter, was enriched only in the organic fertilizer group, indicating that it was a discriminative ARP in the organic fertilizer group. Our results demonstrated that fertilizer application, particularly organic fertilizer application, can facilitate the proliferation of ARGs and ARPs in the receiving soil, posing the risk of the development and spread of soil-borne ARPs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301479722016838