摘要
目标
在医院卫生方面，目前尚不清楚表面污染在多大程度上可能是医院病原体的潜在来源。本研究调查了临床环境中不同消毒策略对微生物结构和环境微生物组生态平衡的影响。
方法
随后，在一个神经科病房（柏林Charité）的九个独立病房应用了三种清洁方案（消毒剂、洗涤剂和益生菌）。每周采样程序包括三个不同的环境地点：地板、门把手和水槽。分别通过16S rRNA测序和多重Taq-Man-qPCR分析进行环境微生物群的表征和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的检测。
后果
我们的结果显示，益生菌消毒后，内在环境微生物群发生了位移，与传统消毒措施（16S rRNA拷贝数中位数=1343；IQR:330.8–379.5）相比，在水槽样本中达到了统计学显著性（16S r RNA拷贝数中值=138.3；IQR=330.9–9479；p<0.05）。这种影响伴随着益生菌期间底板和水槽样本中α多样性指标的显著增加（p<0.001）策略在任何测试地点，我们都没有观察到相对病原体丰度的消毒依赖性变化，但与消毒策略（平均ARGs/样本：0.386±0.116；p<0.01）相比，益生菌清洁期间水槽样本中的总ARG计数显著降低（平均ARG/样本：0.095±0.067）。
讨论
本研究中提供的数据表明，益生菌消毒是医院卫生管理中一种有趣的策略，有待随机临床研究进一步分析和验证。
Abstract
Objectives
In hospital hygiene, it remains unclear to what extent surface contamination might represent a potential reservoir for nosocomial pathogens. This study investigates the effects of different sanitization strategies on the microbial structures and the ecological balance of the environmental microbiome in the clinical setting.

Methods
Three cleaning regimes (disinfectants, detergents, and probiotics) were applied subsequently in nine independent patient rooms at a neurological ward (Charité, Berlin). Weekly sampling procedures included three different environmental sites: floor, door handle, and sink. Characterization of the environmental microbiota and detection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were performed by 16S rRNA sequencing and multiplex Taq-Man qPCR assays, respectively.

Results
Our results showed a displacement of the intrinsic environmental microbiota after probiotic sanitization, which reached statistical significance in the sink samples (median 16S-rRNA copies = 138.3; IQR: 24.38–379.5) when compared to traditional disinfection measures (median 16S rRNA copies = 1343; IQR: 330.9–9479; p < 0.05). This effect was concomitant with a significant increase in the alpha-diversity metrics in both the floor (p < 0.001) and the sink samples (p < 0.01) during the probiotic strategy. We did not observe a sanitization-dependent change in relative pathogen abundance at any tested site, but there was a significant reduction in the total ARG counts in the sink samples during probiotic cleaning (mean ARGs/sample: 0.095 ± 0.067) when compared to the disinfection strategy (mean ARGs/sample: 0.386 ± 0.116; p < 0.01).

Discussion
The data presented in this study suggest that probiotic sanitization is an interesting strategy in hospital hygiene management to be further analyzed and validated in randomized clinical studies.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1198743X22001094