摘要
      抗微生物耐药性（AMR）对公众和动物健康以及环境都是一个严重的问题。监测和报告AMR决定因素和有传播潜力的细菌的发生是世界各地健康监测计划的优先事项，也是“一个健康”概念的关键。野生动物是AMR的宿主，人类活动会强烈影响它们的抵抗力。
这项工作的主要目标是利用宏基因组和培养方法研究野猪粪便微生物组的耐药性，野猪粪便微生物群是欧洲最重要的猎物之一。高通量qPCR阵列鉴定出的最丰富的基因编码可移动的遗传元件，包括整合子，这可以促进AMR决定簇的传播。还检测到一组不同的基因（n=62），这些基因对几类抗生素（ARG）产生耐药性，其中一些被列入世界卫生组织的重要抗菌药物清单。最丰富的ARGs赋予对四环素类和氨基糖苷类药物的耐药性。还对大肠杆菌和肠球菌的表型抗性进行了研究，并共同支持了宏基因组的结果。
由于野猪是杂食性动物，它可能是AMR细菌和ARG向牲畜、人类和环境的传播者。这项研究支持野猪可以成为生态系统监测中的关键哨点物种，并应纳入国家行动计划，以采取“一个健康”的方法来对抗AMR。
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious problem for public and animal health, and also for the environment. Monitoring and reporting the occurrence of AMR determinants and bacteria with the potential to disseminate is a priority for health surveillance programs around the world and critical to the One Health concept. Wildlife is a reservoir of AMR, and human activities can strongly influence their resistome.

The main goal of this work was to study the resistome of wild boar faecal microbiome, one of the most important game species in Europe using metagenomic and culturing approaches. The most abundant genes identified by the high-throughput qPCR array encode mobile genetic elements, including integrons, which can promote the dissemination of AMR determinants. A diverse set of genes (n = 62) conferring resistance to several classes of antibiotics (ARGs), some of them included in the WHO list of critically important antimicrobials were also detected. The most abundant ARGs confer resistance to tetracyclines and aminoglycosides. The phenotypic resistance of E. coli and Enterococcus spp. were also investigated, and together supported the metagenomic results.

As the wild boar is an omnivorous animal, it can be a disseminator of AMR bacteria and ARGs to livestock, humans, and the environment. This study supports that wild boar can be a key sentinel species in ecosystems surveillance and should be included in National Action Plans to fight AMR, adopting a One Health approach.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749121019886