摘要
      南极水环境中抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）的综合概况及其潜在的健康风险尚不清楚。本研究首次使用霰弹枪宏基因组测序方法对菲尔德斯地区（南极洲的一个无冰地区）周围的淡水（11个样本）和海水（28个样本）的细菌群落组成和ARG谱进行了表征。淡水和海水的细菌群落组成和ARG谱存在显著差异。在39个水样中，可检测到属于15种ARG类型的114种ARG亚型。在淡水中，占主导地位的ARGs与多药耐药性和利福霉素耐药性有关。在海水中，占主导地位的ARGs与肽、多药和β-内酰胺耐药性有关。细菌群落组成和ARG谱都与某些物理化学性质（如pH、盐度、NO3−）显著相关。Procrustes分析显示，淡水和海水样本的细菌群落组成与ARG谱之间存在显著相关性。共获得并鉴定了31个携带35种ARG亚型的宏基因组组装基因组（MAG）。研究结果将有助于更好地评估ARG污染与南极水生环境中人类健康的关系。
Abstract
The comprehensive profiles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Antarctic water environments and their potential health risks are not well understood. The present study characterized the bacterial community compositions and ARG profiles of freshwater (11 samples) and seawater (28 samples) around the Fildes Region (an ice-free area in Antarctica) using a shotgun metagenomic sequencing approach for the first time. There were significant differences in the compositions of the bacterial community and ARG profiles between freshwater and seawater. In the 39 water samples, 114 ARG subtypes belonging to 15 ARG types were detectable. In freshwater, the dominant ARGs were related to multidrug and rifamycin resistance. In seawater, the dominant ARGs were related to peptide, multidrug, and beta-lactam resistance. Both the bacterial community compositions and ARG profiles were significantly related to certain physicochemical properties (e.g., pH, salinity, NO3−). Procrustes analysis revealed a significant correlation between the bacterial community compositions and ARG profiles of freshwater and seawater samples. A total of 31 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) carrying 35 ARG subtypes were obtained and identified. The results will contribute to a better evaluation of the ARG contamination in relation to human health in the Antarctic aquatic environments.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749122009526