摘要
      虽然人们普遍讨论集约化动物养殖的“一个健康”问题，但饲养伴侣动物与抗微生物耐药性的种间进展关系不大。随着兽医标准的不断提高，抗生素被定期应用于伴侣动物医学。由于狗和人的密切共存，狗咬伤和其他偶然接触狗唾液的行为（例如舔舐主人）很常见。根据我们的宏基因组研究，基于10000只狗基因组联盟和达尔文方舟项目中的布罗德研究所在NCBI SRA中重新定位的2020年和2021年的26个新一代测序犬唾液数据集，犬唾液中富含具有可预测可转移抗微生物耐药性基因（ARGs）的细菌。在潜在致病性拟杆菌的基因组中，Capnocytophaga、棒状杆菌、梭杆菌、巴斯德菌、卟啉单胞菌、葡萄球菌和链球菌，它们是狗咬伤感染中最相关的细菌，抗氨基糖苷类、碳青霉烯类、头孢菌素类、甘氨酰环素类、林可酰胺类、大环内酯类、恶唑烷酮类、对虾类、氯霉素类、胸膜实用素类，可以鉴定出链菌素、磺酰胺类和四环素类药物。一些ARGs，包括针对阿莫西林-克拉维酸的ARGs（最常用的狗咬伤抗菌剂），根据其与移动遗传元件（如质粒、原噬菌体和整合的移动遗传元件）的关联，被预测为具有潜在的可转移性。根据我们的发现，犬唾液可能是富含ARG的细菌的转移来源，这些细菌可以在人体内定植或将ARG转运到宿主菌群，因此可以被认为是抗微生物耐药性传播的风险。
Abstract
While the One Health issues of intensive animal farming are commonly discussed, keeping companion animals is less associated with the interspecies headway of antimicrobial resistance. With the constant advance in veterinary standards, antibiotics are regularly applied in companion animal medicine. Due to the close coexistence of dogs and humans, dog bites and other casual encounters with dog saliva (e.g., licking the owner) are common. According to our metagenome study, based on 26 new generation sequencing canine saliva datasets from 2020 and 2021 reposited in NCBI SRA by The 10,000 Dog Genome Consortium and the Broad Institute within Darwin’s Ark project, canine saliva is rich in bacteria with predictably transferable antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). In the genome of potentially pathogenic Bacteroides, Capnocytophaga, Corynebacterium, Fusobacterium, Pasteurella, Porphyromonas, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species, which are some of the most relevant bacteria in dog bite infections, ARGs against aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, glycylcyclines, lincosamides, macrolides, oxazolidinone, penams, phenicols, pleuromutilins, streptogramins, sulfonamides and tetracyclines could be identified. Several ARGs, including ones against amoxicillin–clavulanate, the most commonly applied antimicrobial agent for dog bites, were predicted to be potentially transferable based on their association with mobile genetic elements (e.g., plasmids, prophages and integrated mobile genetic elements). According to our findings, canine saliva may be a source of transfer for ARG-rich bacteria that can either colonize the human body or transport ARGs to the host bacteriota, and thus can be considered as a risk in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/11/1490