摘要
背景：对抗生素具有耐药性的致病菌菌株的出现和传播构成了真正的公共卫生挑战。病原菌和非病原菌都可以携带抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs），包括来自人类微生物群的共生菌，在对抗抗生素耐药性的斗争中需要对其进行特殊监测。方法：我们分析了335种来自人类微生物群的新细菌的蛋白质组，以使用BLAST程序对照ARGs参考数据库来估计其整个ARGs范围。结果：我们发现278种细菌共携带883个潜在的ARGs，其分布如下：264种大环内酯类、林可酰胺类、链脲菌素类、195种氨基糖苷类、156种四环素类、58种β-内酰胺酶、58种磷霉素、51种糖肽、36种硝基咪唑类、33种氯霉素和32种利福霉素。此外，进化分析揭示了与致病细菌的潜在水平转移，涉及转座酶和质粒等可移动遗传元件。我们鉴定了许多ARGs，它们可能代表磷霉素和β-内酰胺类耐药性的新变体。结论：这些发现表明，来自人类微生物群的新细菌物种应被认为是ARGs的重要宿主，可以转移到致病菌中。需要对其表型潜力进行体外分析，以提高我们对这种细菌群落在抗生素耐药性发展中的功能作用的理解。
Abstract
Background: The emergence and diffusion of strains of pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics constitutes a real public health challenge. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can be carried by both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, including commensal bacteria from the human microbiota, which require special monitoring in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Methods: We analyzed the proteomes of 335 new bacterial species from human microbiota to estimate its whole range of ARGs using the BLAST program against ARGs reference databases. Results: We found 278 bacteria that harbor a total of 883 potential ARGs with the following distribution: 264 macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin, 195 aminoglycosides, 156 tetracyclines, 58 β-lactamases, 58 fosfomycin, 51 glycopeptides, 36 nitroimidazoles, 33 phenicols and 32 rifamycin. Furthermore, evolutionary analyses revealed the potential horizontal transfer with pathogenic bacteria involving mobile genetic elements such as transposase and plasmid. We identified many ARGs that may represent new variants in fosfomycin and β-lactams resistance. Conclusion: These findings show that new bacterial species from human microbiota should be considered as an important reservoir of ARGs that can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria. In vitro analyses of their phenotypic potential are required to improve our understanding of the functional role of this bacterial community in the development of antibiotic resistance.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/4/2137