摘要
      抗生素耐药性的增加和微塑料（MP）污染是我们这个时代的全球环境挑战之一。本研究综述了有关MP污染和淡水资源中抗生素抗性元素丰度的相关研究。目的是评估通过MPs在淡水水生环境中传播的潜在抗生素耐药性。研究表明，MP与微生物群落的相互作用不同于天然颗粒，与周围的水相比，MP具有独特的细菌群落。MP生物膜群落的组成揭示了丰富的细菌细胞、病原体、抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和可移动遗传元件（MGE）。水基质中MP生物膜中紧密堆积的细菌细胞可能为水平基因转移（HGT）提供了有利的环境。此外，淡水资源中微量浓度的抗生素可以吸附在MP表面，并通过选择性富集抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）来影响微生物组成。生物膜基质在MP生物膜中提供保护，这可能会影响传统处理技术的消毒效率。迄今为止，MP、抗生素抗性元素及其相互作用对人类健康和水生生物群的影响仍然相对未知。未来对MPs和抗生素抗性元素的研究需要考虑MPs和抗生素耐药性元素在淡水生态系统中相互作用的集体作用、挑战和后果。
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance and microplastic (MP) pollution are among the global environmental challenges of our time. This study reviews relevant studies on MP pollution and the abundance of antibiotic resistant elements in freshwater resources. The objective was to evaluate the potential antibiotic resistance spread via MPs in the freshwater aquatic environment. Studies have indicated that MPs interact with microbial communities differently than natural particles, harboring a unique bacterial community than the surrounding water. The composition of MP biofilm community revealed an abundance of bacterial cells, pathogens, antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The closely packed bacterial cells in MP biofilm in a water matrix might offer a favorable enviroment for horizontal genes transfer (HGT). Furthermore, antibiotics in trace concentrations in freshwater resources could be adsorbed onto MP surfaces and impact the microbial composition by selective enrichment of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). The biofilm matrix provide protection in MP biofilms that could impact the disinfection efficiency of conventional treatment techniques. The impacts of MPs, antibiotic resistant elements and their interaction on human health and aquatic biota remain relatively unknown to date. Future studies on MPs and antibiotic resistant elements need to consider the collective role, challenges, and consequences of the interaction between MPs and antibiotic resistant elements in freshwater ecosystem.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772416622000274