摘要
      抗生素耐药性是全球关注的人类、动物和环境健康问题。许多研究已经确定废水处理厂和地表水是抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）和基因（ARGs）的主要宿主。然而，它们在城市岩溶地下水系统中的普遍性在很大程度上仍未被探索。考虑到全球岩溶地下水的使用程度，以及这些地区不断增长的城市地区，迫切需要了解岩溶系统中的抗生素耐药性，以保护水源和人类健康。本研究评估了肯塔基州鲍灵格林市10个城市岩溶特征中与抗性表型相关的ARGs的患病率，为期46周。为了扩大对城市岩溶流行率的了解，还对佛罗里达州坦帕湾大都会区的45个地点进行了抽样调查。具体而言，本研究考虑了443个肯塔基州和45个佛罗里达州样本中产生四环素和超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的情况，包括第三代头孢菌素、耐药大肠杆菌以及四环素和大环内酯耐药肠球菌。无论城市发展、岩溶地质、气候或土地利用如何，在整个城市岩溶系统中都发现了临床相关和城市相关ARG的一致流行率。这些发现表明，城市岩溶地下水是抗生素耐药性的蓄水池，可能威胁人类健康。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global concern for human, animal, and environmental health. Many studies have identified wastewater treatment plants and surface waters as major reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and genes (ARGs). Yet their prevalence in urban karst groundwater systems remains largely unexplored. Considering the extent of karst groundwater use globally, and the growing urban areas in these regions, there is an urgent need to understand antibiotic resistance in karst systems to protect source water and human health. This study evaluated the prevalence of ARGs associated with resistance phenotypes at 10 urban karst features in Bowling Green, Kentucky weekly for 46 weeks. To expand the understanding of prevalence in urban karst, a spot sampling of 45 sites in the Tampa Bay Metropolitan area, Florida was also conducted. Specifically, this study considered tetracycline and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) producing, including third generation cephalosporin, resistant E. coli, and tetracycline and macrolide resistant Enterococcus spp. across the 443 Kentucky and 45 Florida samples. A consistent prevalence of clinically relevant and urban associated ARGs were found throughout the urban karst systems, regardless of varying urban development, karst geology, climate, or landuse. These findings indicate urban karst groundwater as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance, potentially threatening human health.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/6/960