摘要
      水生环境中微污染物（MP）和抗生素耐药性的流行日益引起人们对公共卫生和生态安全的关注。传统的废水处理工艺去除这些新出现的污染物的效率有限。最近，光催化工艺被认为是一种很有前途的提高性能的解决方案，但很少有研究关注同时去除化学和生物污染物。为了测试“一站式”光催化工艺的技术可行性，我们评估了尿素基石墨氮化碳（g-C3N4）同时去除多种MP以及抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的光催化性能。在模拟太阳辐射下处理10分钟后，从加标的MilliQ水（总去除效率的88%）和实际废水（总去除率的83%）中分别有效去除了5种MP，包括磺胺甲恶唑、双氯芬酸、美托洛普、苯并三唑和卡马西平（各10µg/L）。此外，在MilliQ水和真实废水中反应60分钟后，分别观察到6.2升ARB还原（完全失活）和4.3升ARB的还原。此外，ARB在治疗后失去了自我修复功能。最后，原子力显微镜图像和qPCR分析显示，随着处理时间的推移，不仅ARB的丰度下降，细胞外ARG（e-ARGs）也下降。捕获活性物质的实验表明，超氧化物自由基（O2•-）和空穴（h+）是导致污染物降解的主要活性自由基。g-C3N4对化学和生物污染物的有效处理性能、低制造成本和易用性使其成为应用于三级废水处理工艺的一种有前途的催化剂。
Abstract
The prevalence of micropollutants (MPs) and antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments has raised increasing concern for public health and ecological security. Conventional wastewater treatment processes have limited efficiency to remove these emerging contaminants. Recently, photocatalytic processes have been proposed as a promising solution to achieve enhanced performance, but there are very few studies focusing on simultaneous removal of both chemical and biological contaminants. To test the technical feasibility of a “one-stop” photocatalytic process, we evaluated the photocatalytic performance of a urea-based graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for simultaneous removal of multiple MPs, as well as antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). After a 10 min treatment under simulated solar irradiation, five MPs including sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac, mecoprop, benzotriazole, and carbamazepine (10 µg/L each) were effectively removed from spiked MilliQ water (88% of total removal efficiency) and real wastewater effluent (83% of total removal efficiency), respectively. In addition, 6.2-log reduction (complete inactivation) and 4.3-log reduction of ARB were observed after 60 min reaction in MilliQ water and real wastewater effluent, respectively. Moreover, ARB lost their self-repair function after the treatment. Lastly, atomic force microscopy images and qPCR analysis revealed that, not only the abundance of ARB but also extracellular ARGs (e-ARGs) decreased over the treatment peroid. Experiments trapping reactive species suggested that superoxide radicals (O2 •-) and holes (h+) were the major active radicals contributing to contaminants degradation. The effective treatment performance for both chemical and biological contaminants, low manufacturing costs and ease of use make g-C3N4 a promising catalyst for application in the tertiary wastewater treatment processes.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1385894721054127