摘要
      绿色雨水基础设施系统，如生物过滤器，提供了许多水质和其他环境效益，但它们从雨水径流中去除人类病原体和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的能力并没有得到很好的证明。在这项研究中，同时评估了美国南加州的一个现场规模的生物过滤器对保守示踪剂（溴化物）、传统粪便指标、细菌和病毒人类相关粪便源标记物（HF183、crAssphage和PMMoV）、ARGs以及细菌和病毒病原体的突破。当用未经处理的污水和雨水的50:50混合物（以模拟高度污染的暴雨流）攻击时，生物过滤器显著去除（p＜0.05）17种微生物标记物中的14种和ARGsin，浓度降低的降序为：ermB（2.5 log（基数10）降低）>沙门氏菌（2.3）>腺病毒（1.9）>大肠杆菌噬菌体（1.5）>crAssphage（1.2）>大肠菌（1.0）～16S rRNA基因（1.0）粪大肠菌群（1.0）~intl1（1.0）>肠球菌（0.9）~MRSA（0.9）～sul1（0.9）>PMMoV（0.7）>Entero1A（0.5）。未观察到GenBac3、弯曲杆菌和HF183的显著去除。根据溴化物数据，我们推断0.5 log单位的衰减可归因于生物过滤器中储存的水对进入的雨水的稀释；超过这个阈值的去除可能与非保守过程有关，如物理化学过滤、死亡和捕食。我们的研究记录了在瞬态流下运行的现场规模雨水生物过滤器去除不同微生物污染物和ARG的高度可变性（>100倍），并对人类相关粪便源标记物作为病原体去除替代物的效用提出了进一步的问题。
Abstract
Green stormwater infrastructure systems, such as biofilters, provide many water quality and other environmental benefits, but their ability to remove human pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from stormwater runoff is not well documented. In this study, a field scale biofilter in Southern California (USA) was simultaneously evaluated for the breakthrough of a conservative tracer (bromide), conventional fecal indicators, bacterial and viral human-associated fecal source markers (HF183, crAssphage, and PMMoV), ARGs, and bacterial and viral pathogens. When challenged with a 50:50 mixture of untreated sewage and stormwater (to mimic highly contaminated storm flow) the biofilter significantly removed (p < 0.05) 14 of 17 microbial markers and ARGsin descending order of concentration reduction: ermB (2.5 log(base 10) reduction) > Salmonella (2.3) > adenovirus (1.9) > coliphage (1.5) > crAssphage (1.2) > E. coli (1.0) ∼ 16S rRNA genes (1.0) ∼ fecal coliform (1.0) ∼ intl1 (1.0) > Enterococcus (0.9) ∼ MRSA (0.9) ∼ sul1 (0.9) > PMMoV (0.7) > Entero1A (0.5). No significant removal was observed for GenBac3, Campylobacter, and HF183. From the bromide data, we infer that 0.5 log-units of attenuation can be attributed to the dilution of incoming stormwater with water stored in the biofilter; removal above this threshold is presumably associated with non-conservative processes, such as physicochemical filtration, die-off, and predation. Our study documents high variability (>100-fold) in the removal of different microbial contaminants and ARGs by a field-scale stormwater biofilter operated under transient flow and raises further questions about the utility of human-associated fecal source markers as surrogates for pathogen removal.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004313542200478X