摘要
      家禽养殖场气溶胶中细菌、气体污染物和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的加速发生和环境传播已成为新出现的环境问题，因为它们对动物、工人和这些养殖场附近的社区构成潜在威胁。在这里，气溶胶样本是在冬天用可运输的高流量生物气溶胶采样器从鸡舍内外收集的。然后，使用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序对空气样本中的细菌进行分类，并通过实时定量聚合酶链式反应（qPCR）研究12种ARG亚型的丰度。结果表明，在家禽养殖场的室内和下风处的生物气溶胶中，细菌丰富度、多样性和ARGs的绝对总丰度相似。鸡舍内外都检测到了人畜共患病原体葡萄球菌和棒状杆菌，气溶胶中最丰富的四个靶基因是blaTEM、tetQ、ermB和sul1。此外，还分析了细菌群落与NH3和H2S浓度、风速、温度和相对湿度等环境因素之间的相关性。结果表明，室内细菌群落与温度和空气污染物（NH3和H2S）浓度呈正相关，并可通过风从禁闭建筑传播到周围大气。此外，网络分析结果表明，空气传播的细菌可能对形成禽舍内外生物气溶胶中ARGs的分布有显著贡献。总体而言，我们的研究结果揭示了微环境（鸡舍内部和农场边界附近）中空气传播的细菌群落及其相关影响因素，为研究冬季家禽养殖场的气体污染物和生物气溶胶带来了新的视角。
Abstract
The accelerating occurrence and environmental dissemination of bacteria, gas pollutants and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aerosols of poultry farms have become emerging environmental issues due to their potential threat to animals, workers, and the communities located near such farms. Here, aerosol samples were gathered from inside and outside of the chicken house in winter with a transportable high-flow bioaerosol sampler. Then, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to categorize the bacteria in air samples, and the abundance of 12 ARG subtypes was researched via the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results indicated that the bacterial richness and diversity and total absolute abundance of ARGs were similar in the bioaerosols from indoor and downwind site of the poultry farm. The zoonotic pathogens, Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium, were detected both inside and outside of the chicken house, and the four most abundant target genes were blaTEM, tetQ, ermB and sul1 in aerosols. Moreover, the correlation between the bacterial communities and environmental factors, such as NH3 and H2S concentrations, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity, was analyzed. The result revealed that the indoor bacteria community was positively associated with temperature and concentrations of air pollutants (NH3 and H2S), and could spread from confinement buildings to the ambient atmosphere through wind. In addition, the network analysis result showed that the airborne bacteria might significantly contribute in shaping the ARGs' profiles in bioaerosol from inside and outside of the poultry house. Overall, our results revealed the airborne bacterial communities and their associated influencing factors in the micro-environment (inside of the chicken house and nearby the boundary of the farm), and brought a new perspective for studying the gas pollutants and bioaerosol from poultry farms in winter.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722045181