摘要
      抗生素耐药性微生物（ARM）广泛存在于自然环境、动物（野生动物和牲畜）和人类中，这降低了我们控制威胁生命的传染病的能力。然而，人们对它们的传播途径知之甚少，尤其是在野生动物与牲畜的交界处。本研究通过比较野猪（Sus scrofa）、郊狼（Canis latrans）、牛（Bos taurus）和环境微生物群的肠道微生物群和ARG谱，研究了牛和野生动物之间ARMs和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的潜在传播。出乎意料的是，与放牧牛相比，野生动物体内含有更丰富的ARM和ARG。牛的肠道微生物群与在放牧区捕获的野猪的肠道微生物组明显更相似，在放牧区，两个物种的家庭范围基本重叠。此外，与放牧牛相比，针对医学上重要抗生素的ARMs在野生动物中更为普遍，这表明野生动物可能是ARMs在牲畜中定植的来源。
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMs) are widespread in natural environments, animals (wildlife and livestock), and humans, which has reduced our capacity to control life threatening infectious disease. Yet, little is known about their transmission pathways, especially at the wildlife-livestock interface. This study investigated the potential transmission of ARMs and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) between cattle and wildlife by comparing gut microbiota and ARG profiles of feral swine (Sus scrofa), coyotes (Canis latrans), cattle (Bos taurus), and environmental microbiota. Unexpectedly, wild animals harbored more abundant ARMs and ARGs compared to grazing cattle. Gut microbiota of cattle was significantly more similar to that of feral swine captured within the cattle grazing area where the home range of both species overlapped substantially. In addition, ARMs against medically important antibiotics were more prevalent in wildlife than grazing cattle, suggesting that wildlife could be a source of ARMs colonization in livestock.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-022-03520-8