摘要
      南极麦克默多干谷常年冰封的湖泊中蕴藏着营养不良的微生物群落，这些微生物群落在地理上与其他水生系统分离。它们的微生物群包括浮游微生物以及从冰中出现的离垫群落。我们使用ShortBRED蛋白质家族轮廓仪来量化从冰上脱落的垫的宏基因组以及Fryxell湖和Bonney湖的过滤水样本中的抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）。ARG命中的总体比例与在有适度人类输入的温带农村池塘中发现的相似。两个湖泊和垫源与浮游源的特定ARG显示出不同的分布。宏基因组分类群分布表明，垫光生物主要由蓝细菌或倍生细菌组成，而水柱光生物主要是原生生物。Fryxell湖垫样品中南极红腹杆菌的富集培养显示出一种不寻常的垫形成表型，这种表型以前没有报道过。它的基因组没有显示出与Betaproteobacteria相关的ARG，但具有与少量假单胞菌成分一致的ARG。南极湖垫和水显示出与湖垫和水源不同的特定ARG，但总体ARG水平与人类输入适中的温带水体相似。
Abstract
The perennial ice-covered lakes of the Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys harbour oligotrophic microbial communities that are separated geographically from other aquatic systems. Their microbiomes include planktonic microbes as well as lift-off mat communities that emerge from the ice. We used the ShortBRED protein family profiler to quantify the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from metagenomes of lift-off mats emerging from ice and from filtered water samples of Lake Fryxell and Lake Bonney. The overall proportion of ARG hits was similar to that found in temperate-zone rural ponds with moderate human inputs. Specific ARGs showed distinct distributions for the two lakes and for mat vs planktonic sources. Metagenomic taxa distributions showed that mat phototrophs consisted mainly of cyanobacteria or Betaproteobacteria, whereas the water column phototrophs were mainly protists. An enrichment culture of the Betaproteobacterium Rhodoferax antarcticus from a Lake Fryxell mat sample showed an unusual mat-forming phenotype not previously reported for this species. Its genome showed no ARGs associated with Betaproteobacteria but had ARGs consistent with a minor Pseudomonas component. The Antarctic lake mats and water showed specific ARGs distinctive to the mat and water sources, but overall ARG levels were similar to those of temperate water bodies with moderate human inputs.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antarctic-science/article/antibiotic-resistance-genes-and-taxa-analysis-from-mat-and-planktonic-microbiomes-of-antarctic-perennial-icecovered-lake-fryxell-and-lake-bonney/8154545AC29FF307E5D78693660A5A46