摘要
      抗生素在控制水生生物的疾病和提高水产品产量方面发挥着重要作用。然而，长期滥用抗生素会导致水生生物中携带抗生素耐药性基因（ARG）的抗生素耐药性细菌（ARB）的出现。ARGs在水产养殖环境中的持续存在、迁移和传播可能会造成遗传污染，破坏生态平衡，并对人类健康构成风险。因此，如何抑制抗生素耐药性的传播引起了全球的关注。从ARGs在水产养殖环境中的研究进展来看，本综述系统地总结了ARGs污染状况，以及ARGs的来源、迁移和传播行为及其影响因素，阐明了ARG与抗生素、微生物群落和环境因素之间的相关性，并讨论了抗生素的作用，ARGs和ARB对生态环境和人类健康的影响。因此，本文对ARGs的管理策略和去除技术进行了综述，并提出了ARGs未来的研究方向，为揭示ARGs污染机制和降低抗生素耐药性的传播风险提供参考。
Abstract
Antibiotics play a significant role in the disease control of aquatic organisms and output increase of aquatic products. However, long-term abuse of antibiotics can result in the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) which harbor antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic organisms. The persistent existence, migration and spread of ARGs in aquaculture environment will potentially cause genetic pollution, destroy the ecological balance, and pose risks to human health. Therefore, how to constrain the spread of antibiotic resistance has attracted global attention. In terms of the research advancement of ARGs in aquaculture environment, this review systematically summarizes the status of ARGs pollution coupled with the source, migration and spread behavior of ARGs and their influencing factors, illustrates the correlations between ARGs and antibiotics, microbial communities and environmental factors, as well as discusses the effect of antibiotics, ARGs and ARB on ecological environment and human health. Thus, the paper reviews the management strategies and removal technologies of ARGs, and proposes the future research directions regarding ARGs, so as to provide references for revealing the pollution mechanism of ARGs and reducing the transmission risk of antibiotic resistance.

https://schinafish.cn/en/article/doi/10.12131/20210207