摘要
目标
携带超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）和氨苄青霉素C（AmpC）的肠杆菌科细菌在伴侣动物中已被广泛报道。根据之前的研究，有庇护所或流浪背景的狗可能有携带这种细菌的风险。本研究的目的是通过全基因组测序（WGS），探索从有流浪或收容所背景的进口狗身上分离出的产ESBL大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的基因组特征。
方法
包括来自7个国家的进口犬的大肠杆菌（n=58）和肺炎克雷伯菌（n=2）分离株。通过选择性分离和抗生素敏感性测试来研究表型耐药性。全基因组测序用于研究产ESBL/AmpC的大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌分离株的基因组特征、抗微生物耐药性基因（ARGs）和毒力决定簇的存在。
后果
在大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌分离株中分别鉴定出不同ARG（n=56）和序列类型（ST）（n=32）的高度多样性，包括高危克隆谱系ST410（n=3）和ST307（n=1）。编码β-内酰胺抗性的基因占大多数，最常见的是blaCTX-M-15。此外，有17株（29%）大肠杆菌分离株被认定为肠外致病性和/或尿路致病性大肠杆菌。
结论
我们的研究结果强调了在所研究的狗中传播ESBL/APC基因的遗传背景的多样性，呼吁进一步调查导致ARGs在动物收容所和流浪狗中传播的可能驱动因素。从公共卫生的角度来看，芬兰需要加强对狗产ESBL/AmpC肠杆菌科的基因组监测。
ABSTRACT
Objectives
Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and ampicillinase C (AmpC)-carrying Enterobacteriaceae have been widely reported among companion animals. According to previous studies, dogs with a shelter or stray background might be at risk of carrying such bacteria. The aim of this study was to explore, with whole-genome sequencing (WGS), the genomic characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from imported dogs with a stray or shelter background.

Methods
E. coli (n = 58) and K. pneumoniae (n = 2) isolates from imported dogs originating from seven countries were included. Phenotypic resistance was investigated by selective isolation and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Whole-genome sequencing was used to study the genomic characteristics and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence determinants of the ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates.

Results
A high diversity of different ARGs (n = 56) and sequence types (STs) (n = 32), including high-risk clonal lineages ST410 (n = 3) and ST307 (n = 1), was identified in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. Genes encoding resistance to β-lactams accounted for the majority, with the most frequent being blaCTX-M-15. Moreover, 17 (29%) E. coli isolates qualified as presumptive extraintestinal pathogenic and/or uropathogenic E. coli.

Conclusions
Our results highlight the multiplicity of genetic backgrounds disseminating ESBL/AmpC-genes in the studied dogs, calling for further investigation of possible drivers responsible for the dissemination of ARGs in animal shelters and amongst stray dogs. From a public health perspective, enhanced genomic surveillance of ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dogs is needed in Finland.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716522001242