摘要
      研究了多种抗生素对厌氧氨氧化（anammox）过程的影响。厌氧氨氧化系统对高浓度抗生素的耐药性也通过逐步驯化实验得到了证明。当红霉素（ERY）、磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）和四环素（TC）的浓度分别为0.1、5.0和0.1 mg L−1时，厌氧氨氧化过程（R1）受到抑制。当氮负荷从4.52±0.69降至2.11±0.58kg N m−3 d−1时，R1的脱氮效率在12天内从97.2%降至60.7%，然后恢复到88.9±9.5%。即使ERY、SMX和TC的浓度分别高达1.0、15.0和1.0 mg L−1，R1仍保持稳定运行。抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）丰度和胞外聚合物（EPS）含量的增加表明，厌氧氨氧化过程主要通过产生ARGs和分泌EPS来缓解多种抗生素的压力。分子对接模拟结果说明了铵转运蛋白与不同抗生素之间的潜在结合位点。与对照相比，R1中Kuenenia Candidatus的功能性基因表达上调和稳定丰度表明R1反应器通常保持更稳定的长期操作。这项工作为厌氧氨氧化工艺在处理含有多种抗生素的废水中的应用提供了新的理解。
Abstract
The effects of multiple antibiotics on the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process were investigated. The resistance of the anammox system to high-concentration antibiotics was also demonstrated through gradual acclimation experiments. Inhibition of the anammox process (R1) occurred when the concentrations of erythromycin (ERY), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and tetracycline (TC) were 0.1, 5.0 and 0.1 mg L−1, respectively. The nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of R1 was reduced from 97.2% to 60.7% within 12 days and then recovered to 88.9 ± 9.5% when the nitrogen loading declined from 4.52 ± 0.69 to 2.11 ± 0.58 kg N m−3 d−1. Even when the concentrations of ERY, SMX and TC were as high as 1.0, 15.0 and 1.0 mg L−1, respectively, R1 maintained stable operation. The increases in the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content showed that the anammox process alleviated stress from multiple antibiotics mainly by producing ARGs and secreting EPS. The molecular docking simulation results illustrated the potential binding sites between ammonium transporter and different antibiotics. The upregulation of functional gene expression and the stable abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia in R1 compared with that in the control suggested that the R1 reactor generally maintained more stable long-term operation. This work provides a new understanding of the application of the anammox process to treat wastewater containing multiple antibiotics.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969721058629